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i • 



















THE 


Childs History 


OF THE 


United States 



CHARLES A. GOODRICH 


REVISED BY 

A. B. BERARD 



PHILADELPHIA 
COWPERTHWAIT & CO. 
1878 . 




Copyright 

COWPERTH WAIT & CO. 

1 8 w i 8 . 






Contents. 


LESSON 

I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 
V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

XI. 

XII. 


PAGE 


Discovery of America by Columbus.9 

Story — Voyage of Columbus.1L 

Settlement of Jamestown.14 

Story — Capt. John Smith.16 

The Indians.18 

Story — John Smith and Pocahontas.20 

New England.23 

Poem —The Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers ... 25 

New England — Connecticut and Rhode Island ... 27 
Story — John Holmes.30 

Settlement of the Middle States.32 

Story — William Penn.35 

Settlement of the Southern States.37 

Story — Col. James Oglethorpe.41 

Early Indian Wars—Pequod War — King Philip’s . 43 
Story — Roger Williams.47 

King William’s and Queen Anne’s Wars.49 

Story — Hannah Dustin — Eunice Williams .... 52 


French and Indian War.55 

Story — Capture of Quebec.58 

War of the Revolution — Stamp Act — Taxes ... 60 
Story — The Boston Boys.63 


The Revolution — Declaration of Independence . . 65 
Story —The Qld Liberty Bell.69 


v 




















VI 


Contents . 


LESSON PAOE 

XIII. The Revolution — Trenton — Germantown .... 71 

Story — Lydia Darrach.74 

XIV. The Revolution — Saratoga — Stony Point .... 76 

Story — Putnam — Attempt to Capture Washington . 80 

XV. The Revolution — Camden — Treason of Arnold . . 83 

Story — Benedict Arnold — Champe.85 

XVI. The Revolution ( concluded ) — Yorktown.88 

Story — Washington’s Farewell to his Army ... 90 

XVII. Establishing the Government.91 

Story — The Inauguration of Washington .... 94 

XVIII. The Administration of Jefferson.96 

Story — The Burning of the Philadelphia. . . . 100 

XIX. War with England—.Naval Victories ..... 102 
Story—Origin of “The Star-Spangled Banner” . 107 

XX. The next Thirty Years — General Jackson . . . 110 
A Presidential Election and Inauguration . . . 114 

XXI. The Mexican War.117 

Story—Gold Discoveries in California.121 

XXII. The Civil War —Causes.124 

Story — Fort Sumter.128 

XXIII. The Civil War —Campaigns of 1861-2.130 

Story — Fight between the Merrimack and Monitor 133 

XXIV. The Civil War —Campaign of 1863 . 136 

Story — Stonewall Jackson.139 

XXV. The Civil War —Campaign and Events of 1864-5 . 143 
Story — Abraham Lincoln.146 

XXVI. Later Events.. 

Story — The Centennial Celebration.. 154 


















Illustrations. 


PAGE 

1. Columbus Listening to the Cry of Land.9 

2. Vessels of Columbus in the Storm.13 

3. The Settlement of Jamestown.14 

4. Indian Life.18 

5. Indian Weapons.22 

6 . Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth.23 

7. Roger Williams with the Narragansetts.27 

8 . Holmes Passing the Dutch Fort.31 

9. Hudson Ascending the River in the “ Half Moon ” . . 32 

10. Governor Oglethorpe’s Tent under the Pine Trees . . 37 

11 . Indians Attacking Brookfield, Mass.43 

12. Mr. Dustin Protecting his Children.49 

13. View of Quebec.55 

14. Boston Boys before General Gage.60 

15. The Old Liberty Bell.65 

16. Old State-House, Philadelphia.70 

17. Lydia Darrach.71 

18. Soldiers at Valley Forge.75 

19. Escape of General Putnam.76 

20. Attempt to Capture General Washington.82 

21. Escape of Sergeant Champe ........... 83 

vii 























Illustrations. 


viii 

PAGE 

22. The “Vulture” in the Hudson. 87 

23. Surrender of Lord Cornwallis. 88 

24. The Capitol, at Washington. 91 

25. A Log-Cabin Home. 95 

26. Burning of the “Philadelphia”.96 

27. Commodore Perry Leaving his Flagship. 102 

28. The Star-Spangled Banner. 109 

29. Seminole Indians Fighting United States Soldiers . . 110 

30. Battle of Buena Vista. 117 

31. Firing on the “Star of the West”. 124 

32. Surrender of Fort Sumter. 129 

33. Capture of New Orleans. 130 

34. The “ Merrimack ” Attacking the “ Cumberland ”... 135 

35. Battle of Lookout Mountain. 136 

36. Sherman’s March to the Sea. 143 

37. The Centennial Art Gallery. 149 

38. The Centennial Agricultural Hall. 154 

39. The Centennial Main Building. 156 

40. Finis.158 




i &s c> 























HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES 

FOR CHILDREN. 



Columbus Listening to the Cry of Land. 


LESSON I. 

America Discovered by Columbus. 

1. America was discovered by Christopher Colum¬ 
bus, in the year 1492. On Friday, the third day of 
August, of that year, the sun rose upon three small 
vessels as they sailed out of the harbor of Palos, a 
seaport town of Spain. On board of one of these 
stood the commander of the little fleet, a white- 
haired man of nearly sixty years. It was Chris¬ 
topher Columbus, setting sail for the discovery of the 
New World. 


9 











10 


The Child's History of the United States. 


2 • This great man was the son of a wool-comber 
of Genoa, in Italy. His ancestors had all followed 
this same trade, but Christopher, from early boyhood, 
cared for nothing but the sea. He became a sailor 
when only a lad of fourteen, and had made many a 
bold voyage—one even as far north as Iceland — 
before he set forth on his great adventure. 

3. His three little vessels were named the Santa 
Maria , the Pinta , and the Nina; only one of them 
had a complete deck. In these frail barks Colum¬ 
bus and his sailors started across the Atlantic, an 
unknown sea which no ship had ever crossed before. 
They were three months upon the pathless deep 
before they again saw land. 

4. At length the eyes of Columbus and his com¬ 
panions rested upon a New World, and, on the 12th 
of October, they stepped ashore upon a little island 
belonging to a group since called Bahamas, one of 
the West Indies. Columbus gave it the name of 
San Salvador. 

5. After this discovery, Columbus made several 
other voyages. In 1498, he landed upon the conti¬ 
nent itself. Columbus died in 1506, an old man, 
neglected, and poor. 



America Discovered by Columbus. 


11 


Questions . 

1. When waa America discovered ? By whom ? From what seaport 
did Columbus sail ? How old was he then ? 

-• Where was Columbus born* What trade had his ancestors fol¬ 
lowed * At what age did he first go to sea ? What large island in the 
far north had he visited in one of his earlier vovages ? 

3. How many vessels had Columbus when he sailed for the discovery 
of America? What were their names? Had any vessels ever crossed 
this ocean before? How long were they upon the voyage? 

4. In what month was land discovered* Was this the continent or an 
island near it ? What is now the name of this island ? To what group 
of islands does it belong ? 

5. Did Columbus afterward make other voyages ? When did he land 
on the continent itself ? In what year did he die ? 


St or y, 

1. Before Columbus bad made his yoyage, the people of 
Europe knew not that there was any such land as America. 

2. How, then, should Columbus know that there was any 
such land : he did not know. But he thought there must be, 
to balance the land in the Eastern continent: and he told his 
opinion to many of the great men in the courts of Europe, 
but they paid little attention to him. 

3. At length he visited Spain, and one winter’s evening, 
sad, weary, and poor, he came to the door of an humble con¬ 
vent near the little seaport of Palos, and asked for a night’s 
lodging. The prior of the convent took delight in the talk of- 
seafaring men, and when he heard of Columbus’s plan for the 





12 


The Child's History of the United States. 


discovery of a new world, he felt so sure that it would suc¬ 
ceed that he determined to do everything he could to help 
the brave mariner. 

4. The prior had a friend at the court of the good Queen 
Isabella of Spain, and through this friend he contrived to 
have the plans of Columbus made known to the queen. The 
king, Ferdinand, objected that the fitting out of ships for 
such a voyage would cost a great deal of money. Then spoke 
the generous Isabella, “ I will do it,” she said, “ for my own 
crown of Castile, and will give up my jewels, if need be, to 
raise the money.” 

5. Then the king and the court yielded to the noble spirit 
of this high-minded lady, and they agreed to fit out three 
vessels, in which Columbus should sail on his voyage of 
discovery. This was a bold plan, for no vessel had as yet 
crossed the wide Atlantic. 

6. For sixty days they sailed directly west without finding 
any signs of land. And now the sailors became alarmed; 
they trembled to think of the many leagues they had sailed, 
and were afraid they might never return. The heart of Co¬ 
lumbus alone remained firm; and he resolved to push for¬ 
ward, in spite of the fears and murmurs of his crew. This 
he plainly told them. 

7. One evening, shortly after, signs of land appeared. Co¬ 
lumbus ordered a double watch set. • But no one could sleep. 
Columbus himself walked the deck. He felt anxious. Pres¬ 
ently, he heard a shout from on board the Pinta. What 
could it mean? A still louder shout he soon heard. The 
cry was “ Land! land ! ” 




America Discovered by Columbus. 


13 


8. The heart of Columbus beat with joy, and the sailors 
wept for joy. When the morning came, the land was in full 
view before them. Columbus assembled his men around him, 

i and with them returned thanks to God; after which they 
sung a hymn of praise. 

9. Columbus soon landed on the island. The inhabitants 
he found were Indians; they had never seen a white man be¬ 
fore. They were surprised to see Columbus and his men, but 
they were astonished at the sight of his vessels, and at the 
fire and thunder of the cannon. 

10. When Columbus had sufficiently examined the country, 
he set sail to return. But a storm came on, and the waves 
of the ocean rose like mountains. The masts trembled ; the 

I sails were torn ; and all was given up for lost. 

11. The little vessels, however, struggled through the 
waves. They mounted aloft, where they stood, for a moment 
— then they plunged — but again they rose. At length the 
tempest ceased. God had preserved them. And now they 
went on their way; and after sailing for many days and 
weeks they arrived safely in Spain, and there told of the 
New World which they had found. 









14 The Child's History of the United States. 



The Settlement of Jamestown. 


LESSON II. 

The Settlement of Jamestown. 

1. The news of the voyage of Columbus soon spread 
far and wide. Vessels were fitted out, and the sea¬ 
men of Europe gladly turned the course of their ships 
westward. Among them was a man named Ameri- 
cus Vespucius. He made no great discoveries, but 
he drew a map, and told so fine a story about the 
wonderful new country, that it was called America 
after him, instead of Columbia, as it should have 
been named, in honor of its real discoverer. 







The Settlement of Jamestown. 


15 


2. Another adventurer was John Cabot. In 1497 
he sailed from England, and discovered North Amer¬ 
ica, in which we live. 

3. Many years after this, a little company of one 
hundred and five persons from England came over 
to settle in America. They were four months on the 
water, and had a very stormy voyage. 

4. On reaching America, they entered Chesapeake 
Bay, and sailing up the James Biver about thirty- 
two miles, they found a beautiful spot on its banks, 
where they built a village of log huts, and called 
it Jamestown. 

5. The country was then all a wilderness. There 
were no houses, nor roads, nor bridges, as at the 
present day; and the new settlers were in constant 
danger from the Indians. 

6. For a time, they had plenty of provisions which 
they had brought with them. But when, at length, 
these were gone, they suffered much, and were often 
near starving. Many fell sick, and not a few died. 

7. Had it not been for the exertions of one man, 
whose story.I will tell you at the end of this chapter, 
the colony would have perished. But, after a time, 
other vessels, arrived from England, bringing more 
people and a fresh supply of provisions. 





16 


The Child's History of the Lnited States. 


Questions . 

1. After whom was America called? After whom should it have 
been called? 

2. Who first discovered North America? When did Cabot discover 
it? 

B. What people first settled in America? How many came over? 
How long was their voyage? 

4. What bay did they enter? What river? How far did they sail 
up that river? Where did they settle? What did they call the place? 

5. What was the appearance of the country ? What kind of houses 
did they live in ? 

G. On what, at first, did they live ? When their provisions were gone 
what was their condition ? How were they relieved ? 


St 07* y . 

1. The man who saved the first Jamestown colonists from 
starvation was named John Smith. He had such a long life 
of wonderful adventures that it would be impossible to tell 
them all in this little book. His parents died when he was 
quite young, and at fifteen the lad ran away from England, 
and without money or friends travelled through France and 
Holland. 

2, Very brave and very clever, Smith seemed likely to be¬ 
come one of the finest soldiers in Europe. But suddenly he 
returned to England, and built himself a bower of green 
boughs in a lonely forest. Here he lived with no companion 
but his horse, a fine animal, of which the young soldier was 
very fond. He studied books about war, and practised horse¬ 
manship and archery, and handling the sword and the lance. 






The Settlement of Jamestown. 


17 


3. After a while he left England again and went to Italy. 
One day he was sailing in a small vessel in the Mediterra¬ 
nean Sea, when a storm arose. The crew thought their 
strange passenger to be a bad man, and therefore the cause 
of the storm; so he was cast by them, like Jonah of old, into 
the sea. Being a good swimmer, he reached a small island 
in safety, and from thence sailed in a French vessel to Egypt. 

4. Smith’s next adventure was in Austria. He joined the 
Austrian army, which was then fighting the Turks, and took 
command of a company of horse, which was known as the 
“ Fiery Dragoons.’’ During the siege of a town, a Turkish 
officer, “ to amuse the ladies,” offered to engage in single fight 
with any Christian soldier in the Austrian army. Smith was 
chosen, and he soon had slain the Turk and cut off his head. 
Not long after, in a skirmish with the Turks, he was severely 
wounded and taken prisoner. He was sold as a slave, and 
the pacha who bought him presented him to a lady. 

5. This Turkish lady pitied the young and brave Christian 
captive, and sent him to her brother, with orders that he 
should be kindly treated. These orders were not obeyed. 
Smith suffered so much from the harshness of his new master, 
that one day, when alone in the field together, he fought 
with and slew him. Seizing a horse, he made his escape. 

6. At last he returned to his native England, and reached 
it at the time when the Jamestown colonists were about to 
set sail for America. To Smith’s daring and roving mind, 
the idea of a New World for brave deeds and strange exploits 
was delightful, and he joined the colonists. Of his adven¬ 
tures in America I will tell you something in my next story. 






18 The Child's History of the United States. 



1. When the English came to America, they found 
the whole land filled with Indians. Their number 
was about one hundred and fifty thousand within the 
limits of the thirteen original States. 

2. How long the Indians had been in America is 
not known. It is supposed they came from Asia, 
across Behring’s Strait. This strait separates Amer¬ 
ica from Asia. 

3. The Indians were quite tall and straight; their 
color was red or brown. They had long, black, and 
coarse hair. They were very brave, but cruel and 
revengeful. 








The Indians. 


19 


4. Their huts they called wigwams. They lived 
on the flesh of wild animals and fish. Sometimes 
they had corn, beans, peas, and potatoes. The Eng¬ 
lish never saw Indian corn before they came to Amer¬ 
ica. It is called Indian corn because it was found 
among the Indians. Their name for it was maize. 

5. The Indians in America were divided into 
tribes. Each tribe had a king, or chief, whom they 
called their sachem. Between these tribes there 
were often bloody wars. Indians delight in war. 
The weapons which they used were clubs, bows and 
arrows, and tomahawks. 

6. The tomahawk was made of stone. With this 
weapon they used to cut off the top part of the heads 
of those whom they took prisoners. This was called 
scalping. Before going to war, they always sounded 
the war-whoop. This was a yell, sounding like 
“ Wo-ach, Wo-ach , ha hach Wo-ach /” 

7. On concluding a peace, each smoked the same 
pipe, called a Calumet , made of red stone. Its stem 
was more than a yard long. It was ornamented with 
porcupine’s quills, beads, and ribbons. The Indians 
worshipped a Good Spirit and an Evil Spirit. But 
of the true God they knew nothing; nor had they 
ever heard of the Bible or of Jesus Christ. 





20 


The Child's History of the United States. 


Questions . 

1. Who inhabited America before the English came over? What was 
the number of Indians in the bounds of the thirteen original States ? 

2. How long had they lived in America? From what country did 
they come? Across what strait ? What does this strait separate? 

3. What was the appearance of the Indians? What was their color? 
What kind of hair had they ? Were they brave? Were they kind and 
forgiving? 

4. What were their huts called? On what did they live? On what 
else? Was Indian corn known to the English before they came to 
America? Why was it called Indian corn? What did the Indians 
call it? 

5* How were the Indians divided? What was their chief called? 
What is said of wars between them? In what do Indians delight? 
What are their weapons of war ? 

6. Of what was the tomahawk made? What was its use? What is 
scalping? What did the Indians do before going to war ? 

7. When peace was made, what did they do ? What was this pipe 
called ? What did the Indians worship ? What did they know of the 
true God? What of the Bible and Jesus Christ? 


Story . 

1. I will now finish my story about Captain John Smith, 
as he was called by the colonists. 

2. The Indians, at first, seemed well pleased to see Captain 
Smith and the other English people. For a time they treated 
them kindly, and gave them corn. 

3. But their kindness did not last long. They began to 
suspect that the English intended to rob them of their lands, 





The Indians. 


21 


and at length they did not come to Jamestown often, nor 
would they give nor sell the new settlers any more corn. 

4. The English were now in serious want, and fears were 
felt that the colony must starve. But Captain Smith, being 
a brave man, went boldly among the Indians, and compelled 
them to let him have a supply of corn. 

5. This, however, made the Indians the more unfriendly 
to him, and from this time they watched an opportunity to 
seize him. An opportunity was soon presented. He had 
gone into the wilderness some distance from Jamestown, when 
some Indians came upon him; and though he bravely de¬ 
fended himself for a time, they at length seized him. 

6. The Indians were much pleased that they had him in 
their power. They shouted over him and around him, and 
at length bound him to a tree, thinking to kill him with 
their arrows. 

7. Some, however, advised taking him to Pow-ha-ian. He 
was their sachem, and a mighty warrior. This was agreed 
upon, and they led Captain Smith to Powhatan. 

8. When Powhatan saw him, he seemed well pleased. He 
had, he thought, an enemy in his power. Indians delight in 
torture and blood. Powhatan and his warriors doomed Cap¬ 
tain Smith to death. 

9. Preparations were accordingly made. A stone was 
brought, and laid on the ground. The Indians gathered 
round They looked fierce, and were impatient for his death. 
Captain Smith’s arms were bound, his head was laid on the 
stone, and a club was handed to Powhatan. 





22 


The Child's History of the United States. 


10. The huge club of the Indian was uplifted, but before f 
it could descend, Pocahontas, the only child of Powhatan, 
had thrown herself between the prisoner and the deadly 
weapon. The blow could not fall upon her, and Smith’s life a 
was saved. Smith’s firmness, and, it may be, a feeling that J 
the Great Spirit had protected him, changed the Indians from 
enemies to friends. 

11. They made a treaty with him, and sent him back to I 
Jamestown in safety. From this time, during Smith’s life, I 
the Indians were friendly, and often Pocahontas, “ the dear- j 
est daughter of the King,” as the grateful colonists called i 
her, brought baskets of corn and provisions to the English at 
Jamestown. 

12. In after years, a young Englishman, named itolfe, 
loved Pocahontas, and she consented to become his wife. In 
the little church at Jamestown, which was kept prettily 
dressed with wild flowers, Pocahontas, before her marriage, , 
received the rite of baptism. The Christian name then given 
her was Rebecca. 

13. It is pleasant to think that this Indian girl, who prac¬ 
tised so well the duties which a heathen knows, should have 
been taught of the Saviour those higher and holier virtues 
which belong to the religion of Christ. 





New England. 


23 



New England. 

1. In 1620, thirteen years after the settlement of 
Jamestown, another little company of one hundred 
and one persons came over to found a colony in 
America. They were a band of Christian people 
from England. Not being allowed to worship God 
after their own way in that country, they set sail for 
America, directing their course towards New York. 

2, Their frail vessel, the May-Flower , was tossed 
about by wind and storm, and, after a voyage of three 
weary months, made land on the bleak coast of New 
England, instead of in the milder latitude of New 
York. It was in the bitter weather of December 
when the May-Flower cast anchor in Cape Cod Bay. 








24 


The Child's History of the United States. 


3. All was frozen and wintry on the strange coast, 
and it was nearly a month before the little com¬ 
pany could leave the vessel. It was the foot of a 
little girl, Mary Chilton, that first stepped ashore 
upon “ Forefathers’ Rock,” as the spot where they 
landed has ever since been called. They named 
their settlement Plymouth, after the place they had 
last parted from in old England. 

4. During the winter, they suffered so much from 
the hard climate, and sickness, and famine, that by 
the time spring came more than half their number 
had perished. 

5. The year before the Pilgrims came, a pestilence 
had carried off a great many of the savage Indians, 
and the first red man they saw met them with the 
cheering salutation, “ Welcome, Englishmen ! Wel¬ 
come, Englishmen ! ” His name was Samoset; he 
came from what is now Maine, and had learned to 
speak English from the captain of a fishing-vessel on 
the coast. 

6. During the next ten years, a great many people 
came over and planted settlements on the shores of 
Massachusetts Bay. Salem, and Charlestown, and 
Cambridge, and Boston were all founded by a brave 
and industrious and God-fearing people. 



New England. 


25 


Questions . 

1. How many people came over in 1620? For what purpose? Who 
were they ? Why did they come to America ? 

2. What was the name of their ship ? What kind of a voyage did 
they have ? On what coast did they arrive ? At what season ? Where 
did the vessel cast anchor ? 

3. What was the appearance of the coast? Who first stepped ashore? 
On what spot ? What did they call their settlement ? 

4. From what did they suffer during the winter ? What was the con¬ 
sequence of these disasters ? 

5. Why were they unmolested by the savages ? With what words 
did the first Indian greet them ? What was his name ? Where did he 
come from ? Of whom had he learned to speak English ? 

6.. What towns were founded during the next ten years ? On what 
bay are they situated ? What was the character of the settlers ? 


Instead of a story, here are some verses of a song, written 
many years ago by an English lady, about the Pilgrim 
Fathers. They were called so because, like the Patriarch 
Abraham, they left “ their kindred and their father’s house,” 
and went out as strangers and pilgrims to seek a country 
wherein they might worship God in the way they believed to 
be right. 

THE LANDING OF THE PILGRIM FATHERS. 

The breaking waves dash’d high 
On a stern and rock-bound coast, 

And the woods against a stormy sky 
Their giant branches toss’d ; 






26 


The Child's History of the United States. 


And the heavy night hung dark, 

The hills and waters o’er, 

When a band of exiles moor’d their bark 
On the wild New England shore. 

Not as the conqueror comes 
They the true-hearted came ; 

Not with the roll of the stirring drums, 

And the trumpet that speaks of fame; 

Not as the flying come, 

In silence and in fear ; — 

They shook the depths of the desert gloom 
With their hymns of lofty cheer. 

Amidst the storm they sang, 

And the stars heard and the sea, 

And the sounding aisles of the dim woods rang 
To the anthem of the free! 

The ocean eagle soar’d 

From his nest by the white wave’s foam; 

And the rocking pines of the forest roar’d — 

This was their welcome home ! 

What sought they thus afar? 

Bright jewels of the mine? 

The wealth of seas, the spoils of war? — 

They sought a faith’s pure shrine! 

Aye, call it holy ground, 

The soil where first they trod. 

They have left unstained what there they found — 
Freedom to worship God. 





New England. 


27 



LESSON V. 

New England ( continued ). 

1. From Massachusetts colonies went forth to settle 
other parts of New England. 

2. In 1633, Windsor, the first village in Connec¬ 
ticut, was planted. In 1636, Thomas Hooker, an 
English minister, with one hundred of his flock, set 
out for the rich and beautiful valley of the Connecticut 
River, — “ the pleasant country,” as it was called by 
the Indian sachem who invited the English thither. 


Roger Williams with the Narragansetts. 





28 The Child's History of the United States. 

3 . The little band travelled on foot over the one 
hundred miles which lay between the Bay Colonies 
and their new strange home. They lived chiefly on 
the milk of the herds and flocks, which they drove 
before them. Their hearts were uplifted by the 
cheerful faith and courage of their excellent pastor. 

4 . By Hooker’s company, Hartford and Weathers- 
field were settled in Connecticut, and Springfield in 
Massachusetts. 

5 . In 1638 New Haven was founded, and became 
the parent of many a pleasant village along the 
Sound, and on the opposite shores of Long Island. 

6. The same year in which Hooker’s little band 
migrated to Connecticut, Rhode Island was founded 
by Roger Williams. He was a young minister of 
Salem, whose opinions about toleration in matters of 
religion made him many enemies. He talked so 
boldly against what he looked upon as the unjust 
and hard laws of the Puritan colonies, that the magis¬ 
trates sentenced him to be banished. 

7 . Officers were sent to seize him; they found he 
had fled from Salem. For fourteen weeks he was a 
wanderer in the wilderness “ sorely tossed in a bitter 
season, not knowing what bread or bed did mean.” 
He found kind friends in the Indians, whose language 



New England. 


29 


he had learned, and to whom he was ever a patient 
missionary. The Narragansetts received him as their 
guest; “thus,” he says, “the ravens fed me in the 
wilderness.” 

8. The spot on which he finally landed he named 
Providence, in grateful acknowledgment of the hand 
which had guided* his wanderings. 

9. The rest of New England, Maine, New Hamp¬ 
shire, and Vermont, hardly existed as separate colo¬ 
nies until after the Revolution. The two former had 
settlements made upon their soil at a very early 
date. Before 1630, the fishing stations of the Maine 
coast had grown into prosperous villages. The ear¬ 
liest town founded in New Hampshire was Doverym 
1623. 


Questions. 

1. For what purpose did colonies go from Massachusetts? 

2. Give the name and date of first settlement in Connecticut. Who 
led a colony in 1636 ? How many people went with him ? Whither 
did they direct their course ? What did an Indian call this valley ? 

3. What was the distance to be travelled ? Upon what did they live ? 
What cheered their hearts ? 

4. What towns did Hooker’s company settle ? 

5. When was New Haven founded? Of what did this town become 
the parent? 






30 


The Child's History of the United Stales. 


6. When and by whom was Rhode Island founded ? W T ho was Roger 
Williams? What did he talk against? What was the consequence? 

7. Why was he not seized? How long did he wander in the forests? 
What hardships did he endure? In whom did he find friends? Whose 
guest was he ? What did he say of them ? 

8. What did he name his settlement ? Why did he so name it ? 

9. What is said of the rest of New England? What of settlements 
in Maine and New Hampshire ? When was the first town founded in 
New Hampshire? What is the name of it? 


Story. 

1. Children of the present day know little of the toil and 
trouble it cost our fathers and mothers to settle these States. 
Now, we can look abroad and see large cities, handsome vil¬ 
lages, fine fields, and rich gardens. We see good, smooth 
roads, strong bridges, and well finished houses. 

2. It was not so once. When these States began to be set¬ 
tled, the country was all a wilderness. For hundreds of 
miles it was one unbroken forest. Not a city, not a town, 
was to be seen; not a village, not a house, excepting here 
and there a few Indian wigwams. 

3. Even the frame of the first house built in Connecticut 
was made at Plymouth, in Massachusetts. It was made by 
John Holmes. When finished, he put it on board a small 
vessel, and set sail for Connecticut River. 

4. Sailing up that river, he at length came where Hart¬ 
ford now stands. Just in that spot, he was much surprised 
to see a kind of fort standing near the banks of the river. 




New England. 


31 


Some Dutch people from New York had built it for the pur¬ 
pose of preventing others from settling near them. They had 
planted a cannon upon the fort, to fire upon any one who 
should attempt to sail higher up the river. 

5. When Holmes came along in his vessel, the Dutch came 
out from the fort, and hailed him. “ Stop,” said they, “ and 
lower your sails;” and while they said this, they loaded 
their cannon, and brought fire from the fort, and told Holmes 
that they would blow him through if he did not stop. 

0. Holmes saw the Dutch, saw their cannon, saw them 
loading it, and heard them call. Little cared he; he was a 
bold man. A fine wind was blowing, and his little vessel 
went on like a bird in the air. Besides, he knew that the 
Dutch were no marksmen at all; and he went on, leaving 
them quite vexed that powder and ball would not scare an 
Englishman. On reaching Windsor, he put up his house, 
and thus led the way for the settlement of Connecticut. 



Holmes Passing the Dutch Fort. 




















32 


The Child's History of the United States. 



Hudson Sailing up the River in the “Half Moon.” 


LESSON VI. 

The Middle States. 

1. These are New York, New Jersey, Pennsylva¬ 
nia, and Delaware. 

2. In 1609, Henry Hudson, in his little Dutch 
vessel, the Half Moon , sailed up the river which 
now bears his name. He claimed the country on its 
banks for the States of Holland. When he returned 
to Europe, he described the land he had discovered 
as the most beautiful in the world. 

3. In 1624, the Dutch bought from the Indians 
the little island on which New York now stands for 
twenty-four dollars. They named the little village 









The Middle States. 


33 


of Dutch cottages, with straw roofs and wooden 
chimneys, which they built, New Amsterdam. The 
whole province they called New Netherlands. 

4. The Dutch did not keep the country many 
years. In 1664 there was war between England 
and Holland, and the English came over to America 
and took possession of New Netherlands. It was 
called by them New York. A great many Dutch 
families, however, remained in the colony, and to 
this day many of their customs still linger in the 
cities of New York and Albany. 

5. New Jersey was a part of New Netherlands. 
When the English took possession, the king divided 
the province into East and West Jersey, and gave it 
to two English noblemen. Both divisions were set¬ 
tled by New England Puritans and English Friends, 
or Quakers, as they were called. In 1664, Elizabeth, 
then “a cluster of four houses,” was made the capital 
of West Jersey. In 1702, the two provinces were 
united, but long kept their old name of “ The Jerseys.” 

6. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn. 
His father, Admiral Penn, had lent large sums of 
money to King Charles II. The English king re¬ 
paid the loan in lands. He gave the son of his friend 
a large tract in America, which he called Pennsyl- 

C 





34 The Child's History of the United States. 

vania, or the “Forests of Penn.” The first settlers 
arrived in 1681, and in the following year, William 
Penn himself came over, and founded the city of 
Philadelphia. The name means “ Brotherly Love.” 

7. Delaware was settled by people from Sweden 
and Finland as early as 1627. Wilmington was 
the first town founded. For a long time Delaware 
was a part of Pennsylvania. 


Questions. 

1 and 2. Give the names of the Middle States. Who ascended the 
Hudson River in 1609? What was the name of his vessel? For whom 
did he claim the land ? How did he describe the country ? 

3. When, and by whom, and of whom was New York island pur¬ 
chased? For what sum ? What did the first village upon it consist of? 
What was this settlement called ? What was the province called ? 

4. When did war exist between England and Holland ? What act 
of hostility did the English commit ? What did they call the country ? 
Were any Dutch people left in New York? 

5. To what province did New Jersey belong? What was done with 
New Jersey when the English took it? By whom was New Jersey 
settled? Name the capital of West Jersey in 1664. Of what did it 
consist? When were East and West Jersey united? 

6. By whom was Pennsylvania founded? What had Penn’s father 
done for the king? How did Charles II. repay the debt? What was the 
land called which he gave him ? What does the name mean ? When 
did the first settlers arrive ? When did Penn come ? 

7* By whom was Delaware settled? At what date? Name the first 
town. Of what province was Delaware a part ? 






The Middle States. 


35 


Sto v y. 

1. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, was the 
only son of an English admiral. He had received a fine 
education in England, and had improved his mind by study, 
and by travel in foreign countries. 

2. His father, who was high in favor at the English court, 
was very proud of the beautiful person and graceful accom¬ 
plishments of his only son. He looked to see him crowned 
with every success and honor which the world could bestow. 

3. But at the age of twenty-twm, this gay, handsome, and 
accomplished youth renounced the world, and cast in his lot 
with the then poor and despised Society of Friends. This 
step led to much suffering. His father turned him out of 
doors, and it was a mother’s love only that saved him from 
starving. The firmness and gentleness of William Penn 
afterwards gained for him the admiration and entire forgive¬ 
ness of his father. 

4. For some years Penn endured persecution. At length, 
seeing no hope of toleration for the Friends in England, he 
determined to try “ the holy experiment,” as he called it, of 
founding a free and happy home for them in the New World. 

5. The ship that brought Penn over was named the Wel¬ 
come, and warm, indeed, was the welcome which this good 
man received, when he landed in his colony, from the Friends 
who had come over the previous year. 

6. With a few companions, he visited the spot where Phila¬ 
delphia now stands, and there made his famous treaty with 




36 The Child's History of the United States. 

the Indians. “ We meet,” said William Penn, “ on the broad 
pathway of good faith and good will. . . .We are all 

one flesh and blood.” And the Indians replied : “We will 
live in love with William Penn and his children as long as 
the moon and the sun shall endure.” Such was the treaty 
of peace between the English Friend and the red man of tlm 
forest, and “ not a drop of Quaker blood was ever shed 
an Indian.” 

7. Penn had no love for crowded cities, shutting out the 
pure air and light of heaven, and he determined that his Phila¬ 
delphia should be “ a f'aire greene country towne.” Garder 
and orchards, green lawns and shrubberies, were to surround 
each house, and the streets were to bear the names of the 
trees of the forest. In the summer of 1683, there were but 
four cottages in Philadelphia; the deer and the rabbit were 
bounding where now are its most crowded thoroughfares, and 
a few rods from the Delaware stretched a dark forest. 

8. William Penn did not spend many years in America, 
but his heart was always with his people, and he helped them 
greatly by pleading their cause in England. 

9. In 1712, three successive strokes of paralysis laid in 
ruins the once noble intellect of the founder of Pennsyl vania. 
He lived the last six years of his life shut out from the busy 
world, but free from suffering, and enjoying the simple pleas¬ 
ures of a beautiful country home with all the delight of a 
little child. On the 29th of July, 1718, death gently severed 
the slender tie which bound him to this life. 




The Southern States. 


37 



Governor Oglethorpe’s Tent under the Pine Trees. 

LESSON VII. 

The Southern States. 

1. Of these, belonging to the Old Thirteen, (as the 
colonies founded before the Revolution are called,) 
were Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia. 

2. In March of the year 1634, two vessels — the 
Ark and the Dove — anchored in the waters of 
Chesapeake Bay. On board of them were the first 
settlers of Maryland — chiefly Roman Catholic gen¬ 
tlemen, with their families and households. 





38 The Child's History of the United States. 

3. They entered the Potomac Eiver, and landed at 
a little Indian village, which they named St. Mary’s. 
They took possession of the country in the name of 
Christ and of England, and called it Maryland, in 
honor of the queen. These colonists were sent over 
by Lord Baltimore, to whom the king had granted 
the land. 

4. Of the early settlement of Virginia you have 
already learned. As the years went on, many gen¬ 
tlemen of learning and fortune came over to this col¬ 
ony. Beautiful homes were planted on the banks of 
the Potomac, and westward towards the Blue Pidge. 
At the breaking out of the Revolution, Virginia was 
the leader of the Old Thirteen, in their conflict with 
the mother country. 

5. The Carolinas were first visited by a little band 
of French Protestants, called Huguenots, who fled 
from persecution in the Old World. In 1562, they 
landed at Port Royal, and, raising a monument en¬ 
graved with the lilies of France, they named the 
country Carolina, after their King Charles, or Car¬ 
olus IX. 

6. This feeble colony of only twenty-seven souls 
soon became discouraged, and returned to France. 
Between the years 1584 and 1590, many attempts 



The Southern States. 


39 


were made by the English to colonize Carolina. 
They all failed, and nearly a century passed away 
before a permanent settlement was made. 

7 . Then, in 1680, Charleston was founded, on a 
beautiful point of land between the Ashley and 
Cooper .rivers. Within the next few years, almost 
every country in Europe contributed settlers to the 
Carolinas. 

8. Scotland and Ireland sent colonies; the Dutch, 
driven from New York, found a refuge in Carolina; 
the persecuted Huguenots of France came in still 
greater numbers. North Carolina received a great 
many people from Virginia, New England, and the 
West Indies. 

9 . In 1732, the same year which gave birth to 
George Washington, was planted the last of the 
thirteen colonies, which, under him, were to fight 
for their independence. 

10. This was Georgia, founded by James Ogle¬ 
thorpe. In November he sailed, with his little band 
of English emigrants, for America. After touching 
at Charleston, they proceeded to the mouth of the 
river which divides the two States, and sailing up it 
a little distance founded, at Yamacraw Bluff, the 
city of Savannah. Oglethorpe pitched a tent under 





40 


The Child 1 s History of the United States. 


four beautiful pine trees, and for one year he had no 
other home. 

11 . Besides these English, a great many Mora¬ 
vians, driven by persecution from Europe, were 
kindly received by Oglethorpe, and planted happy 
homes amid the pine forests of Georgia. Scotch 
Highlanders came also, and founded Darien, on the 
Altamaha. _ 


Questio n s . 

1. Name the Southern States belonging to the Old Thirteen. 

2. What vessels came to America in 1634? Where did they anchor? 
Who were on board of them ? Who were they chiefly ? 

3. What river did they enter ? Where did they land ? What did 
they name it ? In whose name did they claim the country ? What did 
they name it ? By whom were these colonists sent out ? 

4. Who came to Virginia after its first settlement? Where did they 
plant homes? What position did Virginia take at the Revolution ? 

5. By whom were the Carolinas first visited? Why did they leave 
Europe? When and where did they land? What did they erect? 
What name did they give the country ? After whom ? 

6 . What became of this colony? When were attempts made to colo¬ 
nize the Carolinas? With what success? How long before a settlement 
was made ? 

7. What city was founded in 1680? On what spot? Whence did 
settlers come? 

8. What countries of Great Britain sent colonies ? Who came from 
New York ? Who from France? By whom was North Carolina settled? 





The Southern States. 


41 


9 . Who was born in 1732? What colony was planted in that year? 

10 . What is the name of it? By whom was it founded? When and 
with whom did he sail for America? At what settlement did they 
touch? To what river did they proceed? Where did they find a set¬ 
tlement ? What is its name ? Where did Oglethorpe live the first year ? 

11 . Were these English the only settlers? Who came from Europe? 
How were they received? What did they found? Who else came? 
Where did they settle ? 


Story . 

1. Col. James Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, became 
an officer in the British army at a very early age. Brave, 
handsome, and exceedingly kind and courteous, he won all 
hearts. 

2. After gaining great honor in fighting against the Turks, 
he returned to England, and became a member of Parliament. 
The miserable condition of poor people imprisoned for debt 
moved his generous heart. 

3. He asked King George to give him a tract of land in 
America, on which to plant a colony, both for poor debtors 
and for the victims of religious persecution. The king gave 
the land to him and to other gentlemen “ in trust for the 
poor.” 

4. Oglethorpe named the country Georgia, in honor of the 
king. The seal of the new colony was a group of silkworms 
at work, with the motto, “Not for themselves, but for others.” 

5. The Indians received the new-comers very kindly. 
“ Here is a little present,” said one of their chiefs, as he 
gave them a buffalo-skin, painted on the inside with the 







42 


The Child's History of the United States. 


head and feathers of an eagle. “ The feathers of the eagle 
are soft, signifying love ; the skin is warm, and is the emblem 
of protection; therefore, love and protect our little families.” 

6. When Oglethorpe visited his colony of Scotch High¬ 
landers, he dressed in the Highland costume; when he went 
among the gentle and hard-working Moravians, he praised 
their industry and agriculture. Thus by kind sympathy he 
won the hearts of all his colonists. 

7 . In 1739, there was war between England and Spain. 
At that time Florida belonged to Spain, and Oglethorpe 
was obliged to defend his colony against the Spaniards at 
St. Augustine. 

8. He had won the friendship of the Indian tribes for 
seven hundred miles around; the brave Highlanders were 
proud to march to battle under such a leader, and the pious 
Moravians were earnest in their prayers for his safety and 
success. 

9 . When the war was over, Governor Oglethorpe returned 
to England, never more to revisit his colony; but he left 
behind him that character and those deeds which the Bible 
tells us “ shall be had in everlasting remembrance.” 

10 . Even when over ninety years of age, the noble old 
man was distinguished for his eloquence and courtesy. 







Early Indian Wars 


43 



1. I have already told you something about the 
Indians, who were found in the country when it was 
first settled by the English. In this lesson I shall 
tell you of the wars which the English had with 
these Indians. 

2 . The first Indian war was called the “ Pequod 
war." This began in 1637. 

3. The Pequods were a powerful tribe. They lived 
in Connecticut. Their chief sachem was called Sas- 
sacus. He was a great warrior. 

4. The Pequods had two forts near Hew London 
and Groton. Soon after the English settled Gon- 









44 


The Child's History of the United States. 


necticut, the Pequods killed a number of the white 
settlers; the whole colony was threatened, and there 
seemed to be no choice but to make war on these 
savage neighbors. 

5. The people of Hartford, Windsor, and Weathers- 
held raised ninety men. Captain Mason commanded 
them. They were assisted by five hundred Narra- 
gansett Indians. These Indians lived in Rhode 
Island. 

6. With this force Captain Mason surprised the 
principal fort of the Pequods early one morning. 
The Indians had set no watch, and the barking of 
a dog gave the first alarm of the enemy’s approach. 

7. In confusion, amid cries of “Owanux! Owanux!” 
(the English ! the English!) they hew with bow and 
arrow to the hght. It was soon ended; their fort 
and wigwams were burned, and six hundred Indians 
slain. 

II. KING PHILIP’S WAR. 

8. The next Indian war began in 1675. This was 
called “King Philips War,” because he was the chief 
mover of it. 

9. Philip was the sachem of the Wam-pa-no-ag 
tribe. He had a fort at Mount Hope, in Bristol, 
Rhode Island. 



Early Indian Wars. 


45 


10. The grandfather of Philip was the friend of the 

| English. Philip was their enemy. He was their 
enemy because he thought they were taking too 
much land from the Indians; and now he deter¬ 
mined, if possible, to destroy them. 

11. To effect this purpose, he visited nearly all the 
tribes in New England, and engaged them to assist 
in the war. This was a more extensive war than 
the Pequod war, and by far more severe and bloody. 

12. Many towns were surprised, and the inhabi¬ 
tants cruelly killed. At Brookfield, in Massachu¬ 
setts, the inhabitants fled to a house, which the 
Indians assaulted, and around which they continued 
for two days. At length, finding they could not 
take it, they loaded a cart with flax and tow, and, 
setting it on fire, pushed it against the house. But 
a heavy shower of rain providentially came and put 
out the fire. 

13. At another time, the English troops followed 
the Narragansett Indians, who had taken part with 
Philip, into a deep swamp, in which they had a fort 
and a village of wigwams. In the fort and village 
were supposed to be nearly four thousand Indians. 
The English attacked the fort, and a dreadful battle 
followed; but the English were victorious. They 





46 


The Child's History of the United States. 


set fire to the fort and the wigwams, and almost all 
the Indians were killed or burned. 

14 . The war ended in 1676, by the death of Philip. 
He was discovered, at this time, in a swamp, with 
his great captain, Anawon, and a few followers. 
Captain Church, being informed of the place of his 
concealment, marched to the swamp, and ordered 
his soldiers to surround it. 

15 . “Now,” said he, “it is impossible for Philip 
to escape.” At this moment Philip started to flee. 
An English soldier levelled his gun at him, but it 
missed fire. An Indian fired, and the ball passed 
through his heart. 


Questions . 

2. What was the first Indian war called ? When did it begin ? 

3. What is said of the Pequod tribe ? Where did they live ? Who 
was their chief sachem ? What is said of him ? 

4. What two forts had the Pequods ? How did they treat the English ? 

5. How many men did the English raise for the war? By what towns 
were they raised ? Who commanded them ? By whom were they as¬ 
sisted? Where did the Narragansetts live? 

6. What did Captain Mason do with this force ? Were the Indians 
prepared ? What gave the first alarm ? 

7. Describe the battle. What was the result of it? 

8. When did the next Indian war begin ? What was this war called? 





Early Indian Wars. 


47 


9. Of what tribe was Philip the sachem ? Where was his fort ? 

10. What is said of the grandfather of Philip? What is said of 
Philip himself? Why was Philip an enemy to the English? What did 
he determine to do ? 

11. To effect his purpose, what did he do? How did this war com¬ 
pare with the Pequod war ? 

12. What were surprised? Who were killed? What did the inhab¬ 
itants at Brookfield do ? How long did the Indians surround this house? 
In what way did they attempt to set fire to the house ? 

13. At another time, where did the English troops follow the Indians ? 
What tribe was this ? In the fort and village, how many Indians were 
there supposed to be? What became of the fort, wigwams, and Indians? 

14. When did the war end? What was the occasion? Where was 
Philip discovered ? Who was with him ? What did Captain Church 
order his soldiers to do ? 

15. Who attempted to shoot Philip as he fled? Why did he fail? 
Who did kill him? 


Story . 

1. Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island, obeyed 
the Saviour’s command, “Love your enemies,” more truly, 
perhaps, than any other man of his time in New England. 
My story will relate an instance of this. 

2 . He had been driven, as you know, from Salem; he had 
wandered in winter through the wilderness, and at last had 
begun his new home and colony at Providence. 

3. In the midst of all his persecutions, Roger Williams 
showed a kindly spirit towards his oppressors. He writes: 
“ I did ever from my soul honor and love them, even when 
their judgment led them to afflict me.” And now, with the 















48 


The Child's History of the United States. 


Pequod war, came the opportunity which was to prove the 
sincerity of this good man’s profession. 

4. It was a time of terror and fear in New England. The 
infant was not safe in its cradle, nor the mother and children 
in their cottage. Even when at work the colonists carried 
their arms; and when gathered for worship, the muskets 
were stacked at the door, and a sentry was left to keep 
watch. 

5. The country between the Connecticut River and Narra- 
gansett Bay was thickly peopled by Indian tribes. Of these, 
the Pequods, the Mohegans, and the Narragansetts were the 
most powerful. The Pequods, dreading the power of the 
English, tried to form a league with the other tribes, to 
drive the white man from their land. 

6. The Indians were prompted by every motive of interest 
to join in this attempt. Who was there to intercede for the 
English with the savage foe? One man could do it; he knew 
their language ; they loved and honored him. 

7. But would he do it? Would Roger Williams plead for 
his persecutors? Yes; he had learned the beautiful lesson 
to “ overcome evil with good.” Alone, in a frail canoe, in a 
storm, and at the risk of his life, he visited the sachem of 
these tribes. 

8. The Pequod messengers were there. They were fresh 
from the murder of one colonist — would they spare him who 
had come to thwart their designs of revenge? God restrained 
their wrath, and put a word in his mouth to which the sav¬ 
ages listened, and the colonists were saved. 



King William's and Queen Anne's Wars. 


49 



King William’s and Queen Anne’s Wars. 

1. Philip’s war ended in 1676. The English peo¬ 
ple in America had now a period of rest. But it 
did not last long — another war came.. It was 
called “King Williams War," and began in 1690. 

2 . William was king of England. Louis XIV. 
was king of France. Louis declared war against 
William. 

3. The people who had settled in that part of 
America now called the United States, were sub¬ 
jects of King William. The people in Canada had 
come from France, and were subjects of King Louis. 








50 


The Child's History of the United States. 

4 . When Louis had declared war against William, 
he sent orders to his people in Canada to make war 
upon the English people, who had settled in Massa¬ 
chusetts, Connecticut, and other places. 

5 . This war lasted seven years. Many Indians 
fought with the French, against the English. They 
frequently came down from Canada, sometimes in the 
midst of winter; they surprised towns in the dead 
of night, killed the inhabitants, and burned their 
houses. 

6. One winter, in the month of February, a party 
of French and Indians came to Schenectady . This 
place lies sixteen miles west of Albany. They came 
in the dead of night: it was a cold and piercing 
night. The snow was deep, and still it was snow¬ 
ing fast; the people were all asleep. The place was 
burned, sixty of the inhabitants were slain, and 
many who escaped the Indian tomahawk were frozen 
to death. 

7 . This war ended in 1697. Peace lasted only 
five years. In 1702, Queen Anne ascended the 
throne of England, and in that same year war was 
again declared between France and England. It 
was called “Queen Anne's War;" and now the 
French in Canada and the English colonies in 



King William's and Queen Anne's Wars. 51 

America were once more engaged in fighting 
against each other. 

8. The Indians in Canada assisted the French, and 
often came down with them upon the English, as they 
had done during King William’s war. Several towns 
were burned, and much alarm and distress were caused. 

9. The colonies which suffered the most, during 
this war, were those of Massachusetts and New 
Hampshire. 

10 . This war ended in 1713. It had lasted eleven 

years; but, like most other wars, little good was 
done by it._^_ 

Questions. 

1. When did the Pequod war end ? What is said of the state of the 
English people after this ? Did peace last long ? What was the war 
called which now succeeded ? In what year did it begin ? 

2. Who was William? Who was Louis XIV.? Against whom did 
Louis declare war ? 

3. What people in America were subjects of King William? What 
people were subjects of King Louis? 

4. After war was declared, what order did Louis send to his people in 
Canada? 

5. How long did this war last? Who fought with the French? When 
did they come down from Canada? What did they do? 

6. What place did they attack in February ? What direction is Schen¬ 
ectady from Albany? How many miles? Was it a clear or a stormy 







52 The Child's History of the United States. 

night? Were the inhabitants asleep or awake? What became of the 
place ? How many of the people were killed ? What befel many others ? 

7. When did the war end? When did Queen Anne ascend the throne 
of England? In what year was war declared between France and 
England? What was this war called? What people in America were 
now engaged against each other ? 

8. Who assisted the French in this war? In what manner did the 
French and Indians treat the English ? 

9. Which colonies suffered the most ? 

10. When did the war end? How long had it lasted? What good 
had it brought to pass ? 


Story. 

1. One day, in the winter of 1697, the Indian war-whoop 
fell on the startled ears of Hannah Dustin and her family, in 
Haverhill, Massachusetts. She, with a young babe, was too 
ill to attempt to fly. 

2. Mr. Dustin, at work in the field, had seen the Indians 
crossing the farm towards his dwelling. He mounted his 
horse, and, on reaching the house, took his little children 
and put them in the road, and told them to run, and he 
would soon follow. 

3. By this time the Indians had arrived. He was obliged 
to leave Mrs. Dustin and the babe, and remounting his horse 
he fled. He soon came up with his little children, though 
they ran as fast as they w’ere able. He looked back, and 
some of the Indians were coming — what should he do? 

4. For a moment, he thought that he would take up the 
little boy or girl that he loved best } and flee. But which should 





King William's and Queen Anne's Wars. 53 


he choose? He loved them all, and he could not choose. 
He told them to run fast, and he would try to check the 
Indians. 

5. He stopped his horse, and the children fled. He loaded 
his gun. The Indians soon came up; he fired, and again he 
fled. The Indians fired, but the balls touched him not, and 
touched not the children. God preserved them. 

6. Again Mr. Dustin halted, and again loaded his gun; 
and when the Indians came up he fired, and they fired also. 
But the same kind Providence protected him, and at length 
he and all his little children safely reached a house, and the 
Indians w 7 ent back. 

7. The savages killed the baby, and carried Mrs. Dustin 
I into captivity. They took also a boy and a nurse. The party 

were obliged to march many days through the forests, and at 
length reached a little island in the Merrimac River. 

8. Hannah Dustin determined to escape. The boy whom 
the Indians had taken captive was named Samuel Leonardson, 
and came from Worcester. He now aided Mrs. Dustin in her 
plans. He had learned from the Indians how to scalp, and 
at night, when the Indian family who guarded them were 
asleep, Mrs. Dustin, the nurse, and the boy each took a toma¬ 
hawk, and killing ten of the twelve Indians, made their 
escape to the nearest English settlement. 

9. In February of 1704, during Queen Anne’s war, a 
party of two hundred French and one hundred and forty- 
two Indians attacked the town of Deerfield, in Massachu¬ 
setts. “With the aid of snow-shoes, they had walked on the 
crust all the way from Canada.” On reaching the neighbor- 






54 


The Child's History of the United States. 

hood, they concealed themselves in a pine forest until after 
midnight, when they roused, with their fearful war-whoop, 
the slumbering villagers. A dreadful scene ensued; the 
village was burned, forty-seven were killed, and one hun¬ 
dred and twelve carried into captivity. 

10. Among those doomed to this “winter’s march through 
the wilderness,” was Eunice Williams, the wife of the min¬ 
ister of Deerfield. Even amid the horrors of that night she 
had remembered her Bible, and secured it from the flames. 
It was now her greatest comfort. Her husband spoke with 
her of “ the house not made with hands, eternal in the 
heavens,” for they knew, she being too weak for the painful 
march, that an Indian tomahawk would soon separate them 
in this world. 

11. The cruel savages put her to death, and carried her 
six children with them to Montreal. Among them was a 
little daughter, then seven years of age. Refusing all en¬ 
treaties for her ransom, the Indians brought her up as one 
of their tribe. She became the wife of an Indian chief, and 
many years afterwards visited her friends in Deerfield. She 
wore the Indian dress and loved the Indian life; and, not¬ 
withstanding all the prayers of her Deerfield friends, “she 
returned to the fires of her own wigwam, and to the love of 
her own Mohawk children.” 

12. Mr. Williams was kept a prisoner for two years. At 
the end of this time he was permitted to return to Deerfield, 
with fifty-seven of his people. After this he preached for 
twelve years. He wrote an interesting account of his cap¬ 
tivity in a book called “ The Redeemed Captive.” 






French and Indian War. 


55 



LESSON X. 

French and Indian War. 

1. Queen Anne’s war ended in 1713. From this 
date we shall pass rapidly on to the year 1756. In 
this latter year the “French and Indian War ” began. 

2. Between these two dates was a period of over 
forty years; and, during this time, the English colo¬ 
nies in America flourished. The inhabitants in¬ 
creased ; agriculture was improved; commerce was 
extended; but manufactures did not flourish. The 
people in England were unwilling that the colonists 
should make cloth or hats, or hardly anything else, 


View of Quebec. 











56 


The Child''s History of the United States. 

in fact, because they wished the Americans to pur¬ 
chase all manufactured articles of them. Still the 
colonies flourished. In 1756, the thirteen colonies | 
contained more than a million of inhabitants. 

3. This year the French and Indian war began. 
On the other side of the Atlantic the war was car¬ 
ried on between England and France. In America, 
it was carried on between the English colonies and 
the French and Indians in Canada. 

4. This was an important war. In former wars 
the English colonies had found it enough to defend 
their own territory. In this war they sent troops to | 
Canada to attack the French there. The English 
troops numbered eight thousand men. They were 
commanded by General Wolfe. 

5. The French troops were commanded by General 
Montcalm. September 13th, 1759, the two armies 
met near Quebec. A bloody battle ensued. General 
Wolfe was killed. General Montcalm was wounded, 
in consequence of which he died. The English were 
victorious, and the city of Quebec fell into their hands. 
This led the way to further success. All Canada 
was conquered; and since that time this part of 
America has been owned by the king of England. 
The war ended in 1763. 



French and Indian War. 


57 


6. During this war the English colonists proved 
themselves to be a brave people. They spent much 
money, and at the close of the war they found therm 
selves poor. They were not well treated by England. 
It was, after all, her war, and she ought to have paid 
them back the money which they had spent; but she 
would not do it, and they could not help themselves, 
because they had no power to compel her to do them 
justice. 


Questions . 

1. When did Queen Anne’s war end? When did the French and 
Indian war begin ? 

2. How long was it between these two wars ? What was the state of 
the English colonies during this period ? What is said of their increase ? 
What of agriculture? What of commerce? What of manufactures? 
Why were the people of England unwilling that Americans should manu¬ 
facture? How many inhabitants did the colonies contain in 1756? 

3. When did the war begin ? Between whom was the war carried on, 
on the other side of the Atlantic ? In America, between whom ? 

4. In former wars, what had the English colonies found it enough for 
themselves to do? In this war, where did they send troops? What 
number ? Who commanded them ? 

5. Who commanded the French troops? When did the two armies 
meet? Near what place ? What ensued? Who was killed? Who was 
wounded ? What became of General Montcalm ? Who were victorious ? 
What city was taken ? By whom ? To what did this lead ? What 
country was conquered ? By whom has it been since owned ? When 
did this war end ? 






58 


The Child's History of the United States. 

(J. During this war, what did the English colonists prove themselves 
to be ? What did they spend ? What is said of them at the close of the 
war ? Were they well treated by England ? What ought she to have 
done ? Did she pay them ? Why could not they help themselves ? 


Story. 

1. The capture of Quebec was an enterprise of great diffi¬ 
culty. The navigation of the St. Lawrence River was unsafe ; 
the northern bank, for thirteen miles, was defended by can¬ 
non, batteries, armed boats, and entrenchments; the watchful 
and practised eye of the Indian guarded against surprises, 
and the citadel of Quebec itself, although held only by a small 
number of men, was one of the strongest fortresses in the world. 

2. But the enterprise was undertaken by the brave General 
Wolfe. For two months his fleet and army occupied the 
southern bank of the St. Lawrence, watching in vain for an 
opportunity to surprise the French. 

3. At length Wolfe discovered a little cove, just above the 
city, from which a steep and narrow path led up to the 
Heights of Abraham. This was the name given to a high 
plain which stretched north of the town. 

4. He saw that these heights were not strongly guarded, 
and knew that if he could only get a sufficient number of men 
up that steep path he could capture the town. It was a des¬ 
perate attempt, but he determined to make it. 

* 

5. He sent Captain Cook (afterwards the celebrated navi¬ 
gator) with some ships below the town, to deceive the French, 
by pretending that an attack was intended at that point. 




French and Indian War . 


59 


6. Then, on the night of the 12th September, in boats 
with muffled oars, they rowed quietly up the river. As he 
passed from ship to ship, Wolfe spoke to those in the boat with 
him of the poet Gray, whose “ Elegy in a Country Church¬ 
yard ” had just been published*. “ I,” said he, “ would prefer 
being the author of that poem to the glory of beating the 
French to-morrow; ” and while the oars struck the river, as 
it rippled in the silence of the night air, under the flowing 
tide, he repeated : * 

“ The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, 

And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave, 

Await alike the inevitable hour; 

The paths of glory lead but to the grave.” 

7. The boats arrived safely at the cove, the men sprang 
ashore, and, aided by the roots and boughs of trees, clam¬ 
bered up the steep, and by daybreak were assembled on the 
heights of Abraham. 

8. General Montcalm, the French commander, could scarcely 
credit his senses when he found the English had gained this 
favorable position. Hastily his army was mustered, and by 
ten o’clock the battle was begun. The English won it, but 
with the loss of the brave General Wolfe. He died in the 
moment of victory. Hearing the shouts “ They fly! they fly! ” 
he asked, “Who fly?” “The French,” was the answer. 
“ Now, God be praised ! ” exclaimed the dying soldier, “ I 
die happy.” General Montcalm was also mortally wounded, 
and when told that he could live but a few hours, replied, 
“ So much the better; I shall not live to see the surrender 
of Quebec.” 


* Bancroft. 





60 


The Child’s History of the United States. 



Boston Boys before General Gage. 


LESSON XI. 

War of the Revolution. 

1. The “War of the Revolution ’ began in 1775. 
It ended in the Independence of America. 

2. Until this time the colonies in America were 
subject to the king of England. The country was 
settled by his subjects, and it was considered right, 
therefore, that he should govern it. 

3. This the colonists were willing he should do, so 
long as his laws were just and good. They came 







War of the Revolution — Stamp Act. 


61 


from England, and they loved the English people, 
and respected King George III. 

4 . But neither the king nor the people in England 
loved the Americans as much. They were at that 
time jealous of them. They feared that at some 
future period the Americans would become rich and 
powerful, and wish to separate from them. 

5 . The Americans were, indeed, prospering. They 
now amounted to more than three millions of people. 
The statesmen in England said they were growing too 
fast; they would soon become proud and independent. 
Something must be done to keep them in check. 

6. At length it was resolved to tax the Americans. 
This would take away their money, and keep them 
poor. The first tax was imposed in 1764. In that 
year it was ordered that the Americans should pay 
a certain sum on all the sugar, indigo, coffee, etc., 
taken from England to America. 

7 . In 1765 the English Parliament went still far¬ 
ther, and passed an act, called the “Stamp Act;" 
that is, a duty or tax on every piece of paper used 
for notes, deeds, wills, etc. It was called the “Stamp 
Act” because each piece of paper had a stamp upon 
it, representing a crown. This act was very odious 
to the Americans. They thought it unjust, and they 




62 


The Child's History of the United States. 


resolved not to submit to it. The next year, 1766, 
the act was repealed. This filled the Americans with 
joy. They thought the king and Parliament would 
tax them no more. 

8. But they were deceived. Not long after Par¬ 
liament taxed them again in another way. They 
laid a tax on glass, paper, and tea. Several cargoes 
of tea were sent to America. It was to be sold in 
the colonies cheaper than people could buy it in 
England. But the Americans resolved that they 
would purchase none of it, because they would not 
pay the tax laid upon it. 

9. King George aroused the anger of the people 
still more by sending over large bodies of soldiery to 
keep them in order. A great many of these troops 
were quartered in New York and Boston. They were 
hated by the people and constant riots took place. 

10. One cargo of the tea sent over was shipped to 
Boston. On its arrival, the people resolved that it 
should not even be landed. To prevent the landing 
several persons assembled at the wharf, dressed like 
Mohaiok Indians , and, going on board the ship, they 
took 342 chests of tea—the whole cargo—and threxu 
it into the sea. This was in the year 1773. 





War of the Revolution — Stamp Act. 


63 


Questions. 

1. When did the war of the Revolution begin? Why was it so called? 

2. Until this time, to whom were the colonists in America subject? 
By whom had the country been settled ? What right had the king ? 

B. How long were the colonists willing the king should govern them ? 
How did they regard the English people and the king? 

4. How did the king and people in England regard the Americans ? 
What did they fear ? 

5 and 6. Were the Americans prosperous? What was their number? 
What did the statesmen of England say ? What did they resolve to do ? 
In what year was this ? What was ordered this year ? 

7. What act was passed in 1765? What was meant by the Stamp 
Act ? Why was it so called ? What did the Americans think of this 
Act? What did they resolve about it? When was the Stamp Act re¬ 
pealed? How did the Americans feel about it? What did they think? 

8. Did they think right? What did the king and Parliament soon 
after do ? What articles did they tax ? What did the people resolve 
about the tea sent over ? Why ? 

9. How did the king further arouse the anger of the people? Where 
were these troops quartered ? How were they regarded by the people ? 

10. To what place was one of the cargoes sent ? When it arrived, 
what did the people resolve ? What did they do with the tea ? How 
were they dressed who threw the tea overboard ? How many chests 
were thrown into the water ? In what year was this ? 


Story. 

1. Even the children of Boston were greatly excited by 
the presence of British troops among them. 

2. In the winter the boys were in the habit of building 






64 


The Child's History of the United States. 

snow-hills and sliding down them to the pond on the com¬ 
mon. The English soldiers, to tease them, would often beat 
down these hills. 

3. On one occasion, having rebuilt them, and finding, on 
their return from school, that they were again trodden down, 
several of the boys went to the captain and complained of 
his soldiers. The officer made light of it, and the soldiers 
became more troublesome than ever. 

4. At last a deputation of some of the larger boys waited 
upon General Gage, the commander-in-chief, himself. He 
asked why so many children had called upon him. “We 
come, sir,” said the tallest boy, “to demand satisfaction.” 
“What! ” said the General, “have your fathers been teach¬ 
ing you rebellion, and sent you to exhibit it here?” 

5. “ Nobody sent us, sir,” replied the boy, while his eyes 
flashed and his cheeks reddened at being accused of rebel¬ 
lion ; “ we have never injured nor insulted your troops, but 
they have trodden down our snow-hills and broken the ice 
on our skating-grounds. We complained, and they called us 
young rebels, and told us to help ourselves if we could. We 
told the captain, and he laughed at us. Yesterday our works 
were destroyed the third time, and we will bear it no longer.” 

6. The nobler feelings of the General’s heart were awak¬ 
ened, and, after gazing upon them in silent admiration for a 
moment, he turned to an officer by his side, and said, “ The 
very children here draw in a love of liberty with the air they 
breathe. You may go, my brave boys, and be assured, if 
my troops trouble you again, they shall be punished.” 

aa Lossina. 





War of the Revolution. 


65 



The Old Liberty Bell. 


LESSON XII. 

War of the Revolution ( Continued ). 

1. The destruction of the tea at Boston and other 
places sorely vexed the people in England; and the 
king and Parliament sent ten thousand more sol¬ 
diers to America, to keep the colonists in greater 
subjection. 

E 







66 


The Child ' 1 s History of the United States. 


2. The same year men were sent from eleven of 
the colonies to Philadelphia, to consult as to what 
should be done. This was called the “ Continental 
Congress.” They agreed that no more goods should 
be brought from England, and none sent thither, 
until the king should treat the Americans more 
justly. This was the first general Congress ever 
held in America. The men who composed it were 
distinguished for their courage and wisdom. 

3. The English soldiers sent to America were sta¬ 
tioned at Boston. They were commanded by Gen¬ 
eral Gage. 

4 . The Americans had stored * some provisions, 
powder, and ball at Concord, eighteen miles north 
of Boston. These General Gage determined to de¬ 
stroy. For this purpose he sent eight hundred sol¬ 
diers to Concord. These troops were commanded 
by Major Pitcairn, an English officer. 

5. On reaching Lexington, on their way to Con¬ 
cord, some American people, inhabitants of Lexing¬ 
ton, were seen standing near the meeting-house, 
with their guns. Major Pitcairn, riding up to them, 
cried out, “Disperse, ye rebels!” and when they 
would not disperse, he ordered his soldiers to fire, 
and eight were killed and others wounded. 



War of the Revolution. 


67 


6. This is called the “ Rattle of Lexington .” The 
blood here shed was the first blood shed in the War 
of the Revolution. The battle took place April 
19th, 1775. The war, from this time, began. On 
the 17th of June another battle was fought. This 
is called the “ Battle of Bunker Hillf Bunker 
Hill is in the vicinity of Boston. 

7 . This was a hard-fought battle. The Americans 
had only one hundred and fifteen killed and three 
hundred wounded. The British had more than 
two hundred killed, and more than eight hundred 
wounded. This was a great difference; but the 
Americans did not fire till the British were close 
at hand, and then they took good aim. General 
Putnam told the American soldiers how to manage. 
“Powder and ball are scarce,” said he, “and you 
must not waste them. Don’t fire till you can see 
the whites of their eyes — fire low — fire at their 
waistbands. You are all marksmen,” said he; 
“you could kill a squirrel at a hundred yards. 
Take good aim — pick off the handsome coatsf 
This they did, and the enemy fell by scores. 

8. At length, however, the Americans were obliged 
to retreat, because they had used all their powder 
and ball. The battle showed the British what Yan¬ 
kees could do. 



68 


The* Child's History of the United States. 


9. On the 2d of July, General Washington arrived 
at Cambridge, near Boston, and took command of 
the American army. He was appointed commander- 
in-chief by the Continental Congress. He proved to 
be a great general, and was afterwards called the 
“ Father of his country.” 

10 . The next year, 1776, on the 4th day of July, 
the thirteen American colonies were declared “free 
and independent.” This declaration was made by 
the Continental Congress, at Philadelphia. Mr. Jef¬ 
ferson, afterwards President of the United States, 
wrote the declaration. All the members of Congress 
signed it. This was a great event, because it de¬ 
clared to the world that the Americans were deter¬ 
mined to be free. 


Q u estio n s • 

1. How did the people in England feel about the destruction of the 
tea ? How many soldiers were sent to America ? For what purpose ? 
In what year was this ? 

2. In what year did the Continental Congress meet? How many 
colonies sent delegates? Where did they meet? What did they agree 
upon ? What is said of this Congress ? For what were the men who 
composed it distinguished ? 

3. Where were the English soldiers sent to America stationed ? Who 
commanded them ? 

4 . Where had the Americans placed provisions, powder, and ball? 




War of the Revolution. 


69 


Which way is Concord from Boston ? How many miles ? How many 
soldiers did General Gage send to destroy the provisions, powder, etc. ? 
Who commanded them? Who was Major Pitcairn? 

5. At what place did they meet some of the Americans with guns ? 
What did Major Pitcairn bid these people do? Did they obey? What 
did he then bid his soldiers do ? How many were killed ? 

6. What was this battle called ? What is said of the blood here shed ? 
In what year did this take place ? In what month ? On what day ? 
When did the war begin? When the battle of Bunker Hill? Where 
is Bunker Hill? 

7. How many Americans were killed in this battle? How many 
were wounded ? How many of the British were killed ? How many 
wounded ? What did General Putnam tell the American soldiers ? 

8. Why were the Americans obliged to retreat? What did this 
battle show? 

9. When did General Washington take command of the American 
army? Who appointed him commander-in-chief? What did he prove 
to be ? What was he afterwards called ? 

10. When were the American colonies declared to be free and inde¬ 
pendent? By whom? Who wrote the Declaration? Who signed it? 
Why was this a great event ? 


Story. 

1. The Continental Congress was assembled in the old 
State-House in Philadelphia. The Declaration of Indepen¬ 
dence lay before them. Carefully for four days they consid¬ 
ered and discussed this important paper. 

2. At last, on the 4th of July, at two o’clock in the afternoon, 
they decided, by an unanimous vote, to adopt it. It was a 
moment of solemn interest. “ Thousands of anxious citizens 




70 The Child's History of the United States. 

had gathered in the streets of Philadelphia, for it was known 
that the final decision was to be made on that day. From 
the hour when Congress met in the morning, the old bell¬ 
man had been in the steeple. He placed a boy at the door 
below, to give him notice when the announcement should be 
made. As hour succeeded hour, the old man shook his head, 
and said, ‘ They will never do it! they will never do it! * 
Suddenly, a loud shout came up from below, and there stood 
the boy, clapping his hands, and shouting, * Ring! Ring! ’ 
Grasping the iron tongue of the old bell, backward and for¬ 
ward he hurled it a hundred times, its loud voice proclaiming 
‘ Liberty throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants 
thereof.’* The excited multitude in the streets responded 
with loud acclamations, and with cannon-peals, bonfires, and 
illuminations, the patriots testified their joy that night in the 
quiet city of Penn.” 


* This was a text from the Bible engraved on the rim of the bell. 



The Old State-House in Philadelphia. 


























War of the Revolution. 


71 



Lydia Darrach. 


LESSON XIII. 

War of the Revolution ( Continued). 

1. Congress declared the colonies free and inde¬ 
pendent July 4th, 1776. The war, however, lasted 
for several years ; and, during this period, the Amer¬ 
icans contended nobly to effect their independence, 
and to drive the British from the country. 














72 


The Child''s History of the United States. 


2. In the fall of 1776, a deep gloom overspread 
the land. General Washington’s army was reduced 
to three thousand men. He was obliged to retreat 
from Long Island into Hew Jersey, and afterwards 
into Pennsylvania. During this retreat, the army 
suffered the greatest hardships. The soldiers had 
poor provisions, and not enough even of them. 
They had few blankets and few shoes. The ground 
over which they passed was often stained with their 
blood. 

3 . In December, however, the prospect brightened. 
General Washington and his army returned into Hew 
Jersey, and there fought the “ battle of Trenton .” In 
this battle the Americans took a thousand prisoners. 
These prisoners were “ Hessians.” They came from 
a place called Hesse, in Germany. 

4. The next year — that is, in 1777—in Septem¬ 
ber, was fought the “ battle of Brandywine” in 
Delaware. Another battle was fought in October. 
This was the “ battle of Germantown ,” six miles 
from Philadelphia. In both these battles the Amer¬ 
icans were defeated. 

5 . The season was now growing late. After the 
battle of Germantown, the British army retired to 
Philadelphia, where they spent the winter. The 



War of the Revolution. 73 

American army passed the winter twenty miles from 
Philadelphia. 

6. This was a trying winter for the American 
army. Three thousand were sick at one time. 
Once they were in danger of famine. The soldiers 
were obliged to lay in their tents without blankets; 
and to walk in the snow, and on frozen ground, 
without shoes. 


Questions . 

1. When was independence declared? Did the war continue after 
this ? Why did the Americans fight ? 

2. What is said of the state of things in the fall of 1776? To what 
number was the American army reduced? Where was General Wash¬ 
ington obliged to retreat ? Did the army suffer? For what? 

3. When did things become brighter? What battle was fought? 
How many prisoners were taken by the Americans ? What were they 
called? From what country did they come? 

4. When was the battle of Brandywine fought? Where is Brandy¬ 
wine ? When the battle of Germantown ? Where is Germantown ? 
What was the success of the Americans in these battles ? 

5. Where did the British army spend the winter ? Where the Ameri¬ 
can army ? 

6. What is said of the American army this winter? How many 
were sick at one time ? Of what were they in danger ? From what 
other causes did they suffer ? 






74 


The Child's History of the United States. 


Story . 

1. After the battle of Germantown the British army was in 
Philadelphia. The Americans had retired to White Marsh, 
a few miles distant from the city. 

2. Whilst here, an attempt was made by the British to 
surprise Washington in his camp. It was frustrated by a 
Quaker woman named Lydia Darrach. 

3. Lydia lived in Philadelphia, and at her house the 
Adjutant-General of the British army had his quarters, and 
here consultations were frequently held by the commanding 
officers. 

4. One evening the General ordered Lydia to prepare a 
room for the reception of some gentlemen who were to meet 
him on business; adding, in a decis ve tone, “and be sure, 
Lydia, your family are all in bed at an early hour.” His 
manner impressed her with the feeling that something of 
importance was intended, but she obeyed his orders; her 
family were asleep, and she, after admitting the officers, 
retired without undressing to her own bed. 

5. The feeling that evil designs against her country were 
plotting made her so restless, that at length she arose, and 
stole, barefooted, to the door of the room in which the council 
was sitting There she heard an order from General Howe 
for the troops in Philadelphia to march out and surprise and 
attack Washington’s camp at White Marsh. 

G. At early dawn Lydia arose, and, with a prayer for 
guidance and protection, went to General Howe, the chief 



75 


War of the Revolution . 

General of tlie British army, and told him she wished to go 
to Frankford Mills for flour, and asked him to give her leave 
to pass the British troops. This he readily did. 

7. Leaving her meal-bag at Frankford, she pressed on 
through the snow, for it was a cold December morning, 
towards Washington’s camp. Meeting an American officer, 
she told him the precious secret, and then, hurrying back 
to Frankford, took up her flour, and reached Philadelphia 
without any suspicions being aroused. 

8. That night she saw the troops depart, on what she felt 
was a fruitless errand; and so it proved, for in a few days 
they returned, having accomplished nothing, and feeling very 
much vexed. 

9. The Adjutant-General of course called Lydia Darrach 
to account. He asked if “ any of her family were up on the 
night previous to the day on which the troops left the city?” 
she replied, “ No, they all retired at eight o’clock.” “ It is 
very strange,” said the officer; “you, I know, Lydia, were 
asleep, for I knocked at your door three times before you 
heard me, yet it is certain we were betrayed: — on arriving, 
we found Washington so prepared at every point-, that we 
have been compelled to march back without injuring our 
enemy, like a parcel of fools.” 






76 


The Child's History of the United States. 



War of the Revolution ( Continued ). 

1. In the autumn of 1777 an event took place 
which spread great joy throughout America. This 
was the “ Battle of Saratoga .” Saratoga lies north 
of Albany, in the State of New York. A part of 
the American army was near this place. It was 
commanded by General Gates. 

2. Towards this place a British army came from 
Canada. It was commanded by General Burgoyne. 
Here, in October, 1777, these two armies met. A 



77 


War of the Revolution. 

battle ensued. The Americans were victorious. The 
whole British army surrendered, and became pris¬ 
oners. They amounted to five thousand and seven 
hundred men. This surrender took place on the 
seventeenth day of the month. 

3 . When the news of it reached Europe, the king 
of France decided to come out openly as the friend 
of America, acknowledge her independence, and help 
her to fight for it. From this time until the end of 
the war a great many brave French officers and sol¬ 
diers came over to this country and fought under 
General Washington. 

4 . The next year, 1778, in June, was fought the 
“ Battle of Monmouth .” Monmouth lies sixty-four 
miles from Philadelphia. It was a severe contest. 
The day was so hot that the tongues of the soldiers 
swelled out of their mouths. At the end of the bat¬ 
tle the Americans remained masters of the field. 

5. In the following year, 1779, a party of British, 
under General Tryon, came into Connecticut, and 
plundered New Haven, where Yale College is situ¬ 
ated. They burned Fairfield and Norwalk, and 
some other places. Fairfield was burned just at 
evening. A thunder-storm came up at the same 
time, and added greatly to the horrors of the scene. 





78 


The Child's History of the United States. 

6. From his expedition to Connecticut, General 
Tryon was brought back by the news of the capture 
of Stony Point. This was a very famous exploit. 
It was planned by Washington and executed by 
General Wayne. Stony Point was a strong fort on 
the west bank of the Hudson. It was important 
because it commanded King’s Ferry, and by this 
ferry the great road between New England and the 
Middle States crossed the Hudson. On three sides 
Stony Point was protected by the river, and on the 
fourth it could only be reached by a narrow cause¬ 
way across a marsh. 

7. On the evening of the fifteenth of July, General 
Wayne formed his army, about a mile and a half 
below the Point. All the dogs in the neighborhood 
had been killed to prevent their giving the alarm. 
The watchword had been obtained from a negro, who 
was in the habit of going into the fort to sell fruit, 
and, strangely enough, this night it was, “ The fort’s 
our own.” 

8. Towards midnight, the troops were put in mo¬ 
tion : the sentinels at the causeway hearing the watch¬ 
word from the negro-guide, were seized and silenced 
before they could give the alarm. Then, in two 
separate columns, the Americans marched on to the 





War of the Revolution. 


79 


fort. After a short but brave resistance, Colonel 
Johnson, with his garrison, surrendered prisoners of 
war. Before daybreak, General Wayne had sent to 
the commander-in-chief the following report: 

.. -p. p, “Stony Point, 16th July, 1779. 

“Dear General: j 

“The fort and garrison, with Colonel Johnson, are onrs: 

our officers and men behaved like men who are determined 

to be free. Yours, most sincerely, 

“Anthony Wayne.” 


Que stions. 

1. What event spread great joy throughout America? Where is 
Saratoga ? Who commanded this part of the American army ? 

2. From what place did the British come ? Who commanded them ? 
When did the two armies meet ? What followed ? Who were victo¬ 
rious? Who surrendered? How many surrendered? On what day 
did this take place ? 

3. What effect had the news upon the French king ? Who came to 
this country after this event ? What did they do for America ? 

4. In what year was the battle of Monmouth fought ? What month ? 
How far is Monmouth from Philadelphia? What is said of the day on 
which this battle was fought ? Who gained the advantage ? 

5. When did a party of the British come into Connecticut? What 
city did they plunder? What town did they burn? At what time in 
the day was Fairfield burned ? What circumstance added to the hor¬ 
rors of the scene ? 

6. What recalled General Tryon from Connecticut? Who planned 
this exploit ? Who executed it ? Where is Stony Point ? Why was it 
an important fort ? How was it protected ? 





80 The Child's History of the United States. 

7 . When did General Wayne approach it? What precautions had 
he taken ? How did the Americans possess themselves of the watch¬ 
word ? What was it that night ? 

8. At what hour did the troops advance ? What did they do to the 
sentinels ? How then did they proceed ? What was the result ? In 
what words did General Wayne report it to General Washington? 


Stories . 

1. Soon after the British had burned Norwalk, they marched 
to Horseneck. This place lies on Long Island Sound, about 
thirty miles from New York. General Putnam was stationed 
at Horseneck, with one hundred and fifty men and two can¬ 
non. The British amounted to fifteen hundred men. 

2 . General Putnam was a bold man. He placed his can¬ 
non on a hill, near the meeting-house, and as the British 
advanced the cannon were fired. At length, the enemy 
came so near that he told his men to escape into a swamp 
near by. 

3. .He himself was on horseback. It seemed impossible 
that he should escape. The hill was so steep that no horse 
could go down it, except in the direction in which the British 
were approaching. 

4. Putnam bethought himself. He had but a moment to 
think. He saw some stone steps. There were one hundred 
of them. The people had laid them in order to ascend the 
hill to the meeting-house. 

5. It is life or death, thought Putnam, and down he rode. 
On came the British. They were sure of him. But when 
they arrived at the spot they saw Putnam galloping at a 






War of the Revolution. 


81 


distance from the hill. They were afraid to follow down the 
steps — they sent some bullets after him; but one, however, 
touched him, and that one went only through his hat. 


6. During the summer of 1779, an attempt was made to 
capture General Washington. His headquarters were then 
at West Point, on the Hudson, sixty miles above New York. 

7. Not far from this place a gentleman lived whom Gen¬ 
eral Washington frequently visited. He had been a Tory, 
but now pretended to be a real friend to America. 

8. One day General Washington was at his house. “ Will 
you do me the favor, General,” said he, “to dine with me 
to-morrow afternoon?” “ With all my heart,” said General 
Washington. “ Come at two,” said he ; “ please be punctual; 

, and for once, General, leave your guard at home: come like 
: a real friend.” 

9. The next day, at one o'clock , General Washington 
mounted his horse, and, taking a by-road, in half an hour 
came to the house. The gentleman was glad to see him. 
“You are quite punctual,” said he, “and all alone?” 
“ Yes,” replied the General, “ no one with me.” 

10 . Dinner was not yet ready. General Washington and 
the gentleman took a walk abroad. At some distance they 
saw a party of horsemen approaching. “ What can this 
mean?” asked Washington. The troop came nearer — they 
were dressed in British uniform. “Bless me! ’ said Wash¬ 
ington, “ what can this mean?” at the same time looking at 
his friend. 





82 


The Child's History of the United States. 


11 . “ Oh ! ” said the gentleman, “ they seem to be a party 
of light horse. I believe they are British; but they probably 
mean no harm.” General Washington stood calm and col¬ 
lected. In a few minutes they came up, and the party dis¬ 
mounted. 

12. As they approached, the gentleman stepped up to 
General Washington, and, tapping him on the shoulder, said, 
“ General , you are my 'prisoner." “ No ! ” said General Wash¬ 
ington, “ you are mine. These, sir, are my men. I directed 
them to put on British uniform — I directed them to be here 
before your party arrived. You are my prisoner. And now, 
soldiers,’ said he, “ take this false friend to the American 
camp.” 

13 . He was accordingly taken to the American camp. 
But General Washington humanely forgave him, and released 
him upon condition that he should leave the country forever. 

14 . I shall only add that this man had been bribed to act 
the part he did, by the promise of an immense sum of money. 
General Washington suspected mischief by his being requested 
to come precisely at two o'clock , and to come without his guard. 
Who this gentleman was I know not, but the story, it is be¬ 
lieved, is true. 











War of the Revolution. 


83 



War of the Revolution ( Continued ). 

1. We shall now hasten rapidly to the conclusion 
of the war. After the year 1779 the most impor¬ 
tant battles were fought in the southern colonies. 

2. In August, 1780, occurred the “Battle of Cam¬ 
den ,” in South Carolina. Camden lies one hundred 
and twenty miles north-west from Charleston. It 
was a bloody battle, and the Americans were de¬ 
feated with great loss. 

3 . A short time before the battle of Camden, a 
party of British entered New Jersey and wickedly 
burned several villages. At one place, called “Con¬ 
necticut Farms,” a British soldier walked up to the 
windows of the minister’s house and shot his wife in 
the midst of her little family. 





84 


The Child's History of the United States . 


4. In July an encouraging event occurred. This 
was the arrival at Rhode Island of a fleet of men-of- 
war from France, with six thousand French soldiers, 
to help the Americans in the war. 

5. In September a very base plot was discovered, 
which came wellnigh ruining America. This was 
no other than a plan to deliver West Point into 
the hands of the British. This plan was formed 
by General Arnold, who commanded at West Point, 
and Major Andre, a British officer. But General 
Washington discovered the plot, and defeated it. 
Arnold escaped, but Andr6 was taken and hung as 
a spy. Arnold was a traitor, and forever disgraced 
his name. 


Questions. 

1. After the year 1779, where was the war chiefly carried on? 

2. In what year did the battle of Camden occur? In what State is 
Camden ? How far from Charleston ? Which way ? What is said of 
this battle ? 

3. What is said of a party of British who entered New Jersey a little 
before the battle of Camden ? What took place at Connecticut Farms ? 

4 . What force arrived in America, in July, to help on the war ? How 
many men came from France ? 

5. What plot was discovered in September ? What was the design 
of this plot ? Who formed it ? Who discovered and defeated it ? What 
became of Arnold ? What of Andre ? What was Arnold ? 




War of the Revolution. 


85 


Story. 

1. The importance of the position which Arnold com¬ 
manded at West Point was very well understood by the 
British. They secretly offered him thirty thousand pounds 
sterling to deliver it into their hands. 

2 . Arnold had been tried for misconduct some time before, 
and, by order of a court-martial, had been reprimanded by 
the Commander-in-Chief. This he so much resented, that in 
anger he left the army, and determined upon revenge. 

3. It was then that he had applied for the command at 
West Point. Washington, unsuspicious of evil, had given it 
to him. No sooner had he taken the command of this post, 
than he wrote to the British general in New York, to send 
some one with whom he might arrange a plan for the deliv¬ 
ery of it into the enemy’s hands. 

4. The British general revealed the secret to Major Andre, 
a young officer in the British army, who sailed up the river 
in a sloop-of-war called the Vulture. On his arrival at Haver- 
straw, some eighteen miles below West Point, he and Arnold 
had an interview, under cover of night, and there did the 
infamous American general agree to deliver up the fortress. 

5. A merciful Providence, however, defeated the plan. 
Andre attempted to return to New York by land; on the 
way he was seized by three American soldiers, to whom he 
offered all he had to be released. But they were not to be 
bribed. They took him to an American officer in the neigh¬ 
borhood, and by him he was delivered to Washington. 




86 The Child's History of the United States. 

0. Andre was in the morning of life — “fair, graceful, and 
accomplished.” But for this one deed of infamy his char¬ 
acter was without reproach. It was painful for the court- 
martial which tried him to condemn him, but he was a spy, 
and they felt obliged by their oath to pronounce him guilty. 
It was painful for Washington to sign his death-warrant — 
but this duty required. 

7. That was a sorrowful day throughout the American 
camp when Andre was hung. But, according to the rules 
of war, it could not be otherwise. It would not do to par¬ 
don him: all knew this — all felt it; yet many were the 
tears which were shed by officers and soldiers when the noble 
and manly form of Andre ascended the scaffold. Had it 
been Arnold, no tears would have been shed. But a mys¬ 
terious Providence suffered that guilty man to escape. He 
fled to New York, and entered the British service to fight 
against his country. 

8. Before Andre’s death Washington was bent on taking 
Arnold, and, could he have effected this, he might, perhaps, 
have secured the pardon of Andre. 

9. Washington sent for an officer by the name of Major 
Lee. “ Lee,” said he, as that officer entered, “ read these 
papers — they will inform, you of a plan, by which I hope 
to take Arnold and save Andre.” When Major Lee had 
finished reading the papers, Washington inquired, “ Do you 
know a man who is qualified — one who can be trusted?” 
Lee thought, and replied, he did. His name was Champe; 
he was a sergeant; he was honest, and brave, and persever¬ 
ing. “ Well,” said Washington, “ go and tell him the plan ; 
tell him of the trust reposed in him ; tell him of the danger; 
tell him that I will reward him.” 



War of the Revolution. 


87 


10 . Champe hesitated, but at length consented, and that 
very night was on his way towards New York, urging for¬ 
ward a fleet horse to escape, if possible, any who might pur¬ 
sue him as a deserter. Champe was pursued by a party 
hastily formed for that purpose. He had been seen secretly 
leaving the camp; the officer of the day took him for a de¬ 
serter. Lee could not reveal the secret, and as Champe had 
the start, he bid the party take him if they could! 

11 . Champe went as on the wings of the wind. In the 
morning the pursuing party saw him at a distance, and 
pressed on with redoubled speed. Champe saw them com¬ 
ing, and rode on still more rapidly ; on arriving at the river 
he leaped from his horse into the water, swam to a boat, on 
board of which he was taken to a British vessel, and con¬ 
veyed to New York. 

12 . Here he discovered where Arnold lodged, and con¬ 
trived a plan to seize him and convey him, some dark night, 
across the Hudson, where Lee was to be in readiness to con¬ 
duct him to Washington. Before the time arrived, however, 
Arnold was safe. He had suddenly and, to Champe, unex¬ 
pectedly, changed his quarters, in order to go on board a ves¬ 
sel sailing with troops to Virginia. 






88 The Child's History of the United States. 



War of the Revolution ( Concluded ). 

1. On the 19th of October, 1781, the great “ Bat¬ 
tle of Yorhtown" was fought. Yorktown is a small 
village on York River, in Virginia. 

2. In this battle Lord Cornwallis commanded the 
British ; General Washington commanded the Ameri¬ 
cans. Everything was at stake. If the Americans 
should prove victorious in this battle, they would be 
free and independent. 

3 . They were victorious. Seven thousand British 
soldiers laid down their arms, and Lord Cornwallis 
surrendered his sword to General Washington. 

4. Great was the joy throughout America, when 
the news of the capture of Lord Cornwallis was re¬ 
ceived. The tidings reached Philadelphia, where 




War of the Revolution. 


89 


Congress was assembled, at midnight on the 23d. 
They fell upon the startled ears of the slumbering in¬ 
habitants in the watchman’s cry, “ Past two o’clock, 
and Cornwallis is taken.” 

5. While things were going on so prosperously for 
the Americans at Yorktown, a sad event took place 
in Connecticut. General Arnold came from New 
York, in a vessel, with troops — took Fort Trumbull 
and Fort Griswold. The American troops in this 
latter fort were cruelly put to death, and New Lon¬ 
don was burned. 

6. The war now ended. The treaty of peace be¬ 
tween England and the United States was signed on 
the 3d of September, 1783. Two months later the 
American army was disbanded, and on the 23d of 
December General Washington resigned his commis¬ 
sion as commander-in-chief of the American armies. 


Quest io n s . 

1 and 2. When did the battle of Yorktown take place? Where is 
Yorktown? In this battle, who commanded the armies? 

3 and 4 . Who were victorious ? How many British soldiers laid 
down their arms ? What is said of this triumph ? 

5. What sad event took place about this time in Connecticut ? What 
troops were butchered ? What town was burned ? 

0. When was peace made? When was the American army dis¬ 
banded ? When did General Washington resign his commission ? 




90 


The Child's History of the United States. 


Sto v y. 

1. Thus ended a long and distressing war. The Americans 
had suffered much. Many a brave soldier and brave officer 
had gone to their graves. But the people were now free and 
independent. 

2. General Washington had done himself immortal honor, 
and so had the brave men who had fought under him. 

3. It was a trying time when General Washington took 
leave of the army. The soldiers loved him, and many a tear 
was shed when he bade them adieu. 

4. It was a trying time, too, when he took leave of his 
officers. He met them at New York. He entered the room 
where they were. He called for a glass of wine, and while 
he held it in his hand, and before he drank it, he said, “ Com¬ 
panions in arms! with love and gratitude I now take my 
leave of you. May your latter days be as prosperous and 
happy as your former ones have been glorious and honor¬ 
able.” 

5. Taking them by the hand, he bade them farewell. 
They followed him to the side of the Hudson, and as he en¬ 
tered the boat which was to convey him away, tears rolled 
down his cheeks and down theirs. 

6. Another trying hour soon came. He appeared in the 
Hall of Congress, and laid his commission upon the table. 
This was the greatest and noblest act of his life. Men gener¬ 
ally feel reluctant to surrender power: he did it with pleas¬ 
ure — did it nobly ; and having done it, hastened to his house 
at Mount Vernon, in Virginia. 





Establishing the Government. 


91 



LESSON XVII. 

Establishing the Government. 

1. By the treaty of peace the United States was 
acknowledged as one of the independent nations of 
the earth. The next step was to establish a gov¬ 
ernment. 


2. September 17th, 1787, the “Federal Consti¬ 
tution" was adopted. A constitution is a body of 
rules by which a people are governed. It was called 


The Capitol, at Washington. 





92 


The Child’s History of the United States. 


“Federal ” because the several States confederated or 
united together to adopt it. 

3. General Washington was elected the first Presi¬ 
dent. John Adams was elected Vice-President. 

4. On the 30th April, 1789, General Washington 
was inducted into office, in the presence of Congress 
and of a multitude of spectators. 

5. General Washington continued in office eight 
years. Under his administration the United States, 
as they were now called, greatly flourished; and 
when he retired, it was said of him, “ That he was 
first in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his 
countrymen.” 

6. In 1797, General Washington declined being 
President again. John Adams was now chosen 
President, and Thomas Jefferson Vice-President. 

7. The state of the country, at the time Mr. Adams 
was elected President, was prosperous ; but soon after 
France threatened to makewar upon the United States. 

8. War being expected, Congress ordered an army 
to be raised, and appointed General Washington to 
command it. The difficulty, however, was settled, 
and the army reduced. 



Establishing the Government. 


93 


9. On the 14th December, 1799, General Wash¬ 
ington died. This event filled the country with 
gloom. Every one felt that he himself had sustained 
a great loss. 

10 . In 1800, the city of Washington became the 
seat of government. Before this time, Congress had 
met in the city of Philadelphia. 

11 . In 1801, Mr. Adams’s term of office as Presi¬ 
dent expired, and Thomas Jefferson was chosen 
President in his room. Aaron Burr was chosen Vice- 
President. 


Questions . 

1. The war being over, what right had the people? 

2. When was the Federal Constitution adopted ? What is a consti¬ 
tution ? Why was it called Federal ? 

3. Who was elected first President? Who Vice-President? 

4. When was General Washington inducted into office? 

5. How long did he continue in office ? Did the country flourish 
while he was President? What was said of him when he retired? 

0. When was John Adams chosen President? Who was chosen Vice- 
President? 

7 . What was the state of the country at this time? What nation 
soon after threatened the United States with war? 

8. What did Congress do upon this? Whom did they appoint to 
command the army ? What took place, however ? 





94 The Child's History of the United States. 

9. When did General Washington die? What is said of this event? 

10. When did the city of Washington become the seat of govern¬ 
ment? 

11. When was Mr. Jefferson chosen President? Who was chosen 
Vice-President ? 


St o r y. 

1. When General Washington left his peaceful and beau¬ 
tiful home at Mount Vernon to become the President of the 
United States, he bore with him the best wishes of his neigh¬ 
bors and friends. 

2. All along his course many “ rose up to call him blessed.” 
At Trenton, over the little stream rendered memorable by the 
campaign of 1776, was thrown an arch, wreathed -with gar¬ 
lands of flowers and laurels, and on it, in large gilt letters’, 
the inscription, “ The Defender of the Mothers will he the Pro¬ 
tector of the Daughters .” 

3. Matrons, and maidens, and children came forth to meet 
him, bearing baskets and garlands of flowers to scatter at his 
feet. He approached New York, then the seat of govern¬ 
ment, in a barge of thirteen oars, accompanied by boats gaily- 
decorated and bands of music, and when he landed at Mur¬ 
ray’s wharf, the roar of cannon and joyful acclamations of 
the multitude rent the air. 

4. On the 13th of April, the ceremony of inauguration took 
place. On the balcony of the old Federal Hall, Chancellor 
Livingstone administered to Washington the oath by which 
he swore to uphold the Constitution of the United States. 
The glad shouts of the people .testified the feelings -with which 




95 


Establishing the Government. 

they regarded their first President. This ceremony over, 
they went in procession to St. Paul’s Church, and there prayed 
for God’s blessing on the new government. 

5. At the close of the War of the Revolution, New York, 
Philadelphia, and Boston had not as many people in them as 
some cities now in States which, then, had not a single in¬ 
habitant. The western portions of New York, Pennsylvania, 
and Virginia were still a wilderness. The solitary hunter’s 
cabin, or frontier fort, stood where now rise the spires of 
Utica, Buffalo, Syracuse, and Wheeling. 

6. An historian, speaking of Washington, the “ new seat 
of government,” in 1801, calls it “ a little village in the 
midst of the woods.” 

7. Farther west, the hunter’s rifle or the stroke of the 
pioneer’s axe alone awoke the echoes of the forest Now, 
fair towns and cities adorn the west, and new villages are 
almost daily springing up along the borders of the great 
rivers and beautiful lakes and the tracks of the numerous 
railways. 






96 


The Child's History of the United States. 



Burning of the " Philadelphia.” 


LESSON XVIII. 

Thomas Jefferson, President. 

1. In 1801, Mr. Jefferson became President of the 
United States. He continued in office eight years. 

2. In 1804, a sad event took place. This was a 
duel, which was fought between Colonel Burr, Vice- 
President of the United States, and General Hamil¬ 
ton, who was a highly distinguished man, and much 
respected by many people in the United States, 
General Hamilton was killed. 





Thomas Jefferson, President. 


97 


3. In 1805, peace was made between the United 
States and Tripoli, a country in Africa, lying in the 
Mediterranean Sea. The Tripolitans and other Bar¬ 
bary pirates had done much injury to the Americans, 
by capturing vessels belonging to American mer¬ 
chants, and selling their crews into slavery. 

4. In 1806, Colonel Burr, who had killed General 
Hamilton, attempted to set up a new government in 
the southern part of the United States. He intended 
that Hew Orleans should be his seat of government. 
But his plan was discovered, and he was tried for 
treason. Almost every one believed him guilty; 
but his crime could not be proved, and he was re¬ 
leased. 

5. About this time, 1806, France and England 
were at war with each other; and both did all in 
their power to injure the United States. They were 
very jealous of the people here, and tried to provoke 
a quarrel with them. 

6. In 1807, June 22d, a British frigate, called the 
Leopard , attacked the American frigate Chesapeake , 
and killed three men. The attack was made, because, 
it was said by the British, that on board the Ches¬ 
apeake were some of their men. This attack roused 
the Americans, and things began to look like war. 

G 



98 


The Child's History of the United States. 


7. On the 2d of July, Mr. Jefferson issued a proc¬ 
lamation, forbidding ships of war from England to 
enter harbors of the United States, till England should 
make satisfaction for the attack upon the Chesapeake. 

8. At this time, Mr. Monroe, who was afterwards 
President of the United States, was Minister to 
England. He was instructed to demand satisfaction 
of the English government. 

9. As difficulties, however, seemed to increase, Mr. 
Jefferson summoned Congress to meet at Washing¬ 
ton, October 27th, to determine what was best to be 
done. When Congress met it was deemed prudent 
to equip one hundred thousand of the militia, to build 
eighty or ninety gunboats, and to build and repair 
fortifications. 

10 . After a little time, these measures were thought 
insufficient. On the 22d of December, therefore, an 
embargo was laid on all vessels in port, by which 
they were forbidden to depart. 

11 . But even the embargo failed to obtain the re¬ 
quired satisfaction from England. It was, therefore, 
repealed March 1, 1809; and, at the same time, a 
non-intercourse law was passed, by which it was or¬ 
dained that no more trade, with England or France, 
should be carried on, till difficulties were settled. 



99 


Thomas Jefferson , President. 

12. Such was the state of things on the 4th 
of March, 1809, when Mr. Jefferson retired from 
office. James Madison was chosen to succeed him 
as President, and George Clinton was elected Vice- 
President. 


Question s, 

1. When did Mr. Jefferson become President of the United States? 
How long did he continue in office? 

2 . In 1804, what sad event took place? Who was killed? 

3. In 1805, what peace was made? Where is Tripoli ? What injury 
had the people of that country done ? 

4 . In 1806, what did Colonel Burr attempt to do ? What place was 
to be the capital of his government -' Why was he released? 

5. What is said of France and England in 1806? How did they 
treat the United States? Why did they treat them thus ? 

6. What took place in 1807 ? Why was this attack made ? How did 
the Americans feel about this ? 

7 . When did Mr. Jefferson issue a proclamation? What did the 
proclamation forbid ? 

8. Who was minister to England ? What was he directed to do ? 

9. Whom did Mr. Jefferson call together? Why? Where? What 
did Congress do ? 

10 . When was the embargo laid? What is meant by an embargo? 

11 . Did the embargo answer the purpose for which it was laid? 
What became of it ? What was enacted in its place ? What did the 
non-intercourse law order? 

12 . When did Mr. Jefferson retire from office? Who succeeded him? 
Who became Vice-President? 







100 The Child's History of the United States. 


St or y. 

1. From the close of the war the pirates of the Barbary 
States had ill-treated merchant vessels from America when¬ 
ever they entered the Mediterranean. Those vessels were 
often taken, their cargoes were plundered, and the crews sold 
into slavery. 

2. In 1803, Commodore Preble was sent with a fleet to 
chastise the people of Tripoli. Shortly after he had sailed, 
Captain Bainbridge was sent in the frigate Philadelphia to 
assist him. On the arrival of the latter, a piratical vessel 
from Tripoli was chased by her into the harbor of that town. 
Unfortunately, the Philadelphia grounded; and Captain Bain¬ 
bridge and his crew were taken and carried to Tripoli, where 
they were loaded with irons, and thrust into a dungeon. 

3. Lieutenant Decatur, afterwards Commodore Decatur, 
was at this time with Commodore Preble. Desirous of dis¬ 
tinguishing himself, he obtained leave to take a boat called a 
Xebec, and with twenty men, to sail for the Philadelphia , in 
order to set her on fire and thus prevent her falling into the 
hands of the pirates. 

4. It was now night. Many Tripolitans had been placed 
on board the Philadelphia , as a guard; and as the Xebec ap¬ 
proached, they cried, “ Who is there ? ” A man on board the 
Xebec, who could speak in the language of the people of 
Tripoli, replied—“ We’ve no anchor. Let us make fast to 
the frigate, or we shall be blown away.” 

5. “ You may make fast to the hawser ,” said they, “ till 
we can ask leave of the Admiral.” The hawser is a kind of 



Thomas Jefferson , President. 


101 


rope, or cable. This being done, a boat put off from the 
Philadelphia to ask permission of the admiral for the boat to 
be made fast to the frigate. 

6. No sooner had the boat gone, however, than Lieutenant 
Decatur and his men leaped on board the Philadelphia. The 
Tripolitans, though taken by surprise, attempted resistance; 
but the bravery of the Americans carried everything before 
it. The enemy was routed, in a few moments, on every deck. 
Some were killed and wounded, and a great many plunged 
into the sea, to swim for their lives. 

7 . The ship was now in the possession of the Americans, 
and it remained to destroy her at once. For this, every prep¬ 
aration had been duly made. Instantly, parties of the assail¬ 
ants dispersed themselves through all parts of the vessel, and 
set her on fire in many places. The flames rose so rapidly, 
that the Americans could hardly escape the fire: but they 
exerted themselves, and got clear off, with little or no injury. 
The enemy’s batteries, at length fully aroused, thundered 
ineffectually, whilst the little American vessel sailed trium¬ 
phantly out of the port. The frigate burned to the water’s 
edge. A more daring or better executed achievement scarcely 
adorns the naval annals of any country. Decatur’s reputa¬ 
tion at once reached a very high point. 

8. I will only add, that in consequence of the burning of 
the Philadelphia , the sufferings of Captain Bainbridge and 
his crew were much increased. But, not long after, the war 
was brought to a close by General Eaton, and a treaty of 
peace was made, by which all American prisoners were re¬ 
leased. 







102 The Child's History of the United States. 



Commodore Perry Leaving his Flagship. 


LESSON XIX. 

War with England. 

1. Mr. Madison became President on the 4th of 
March, 1809, and continued in office eight years. 

2. The difficulties between the United States and 
England, which began while Mr. Jefferson was Pres¬ 
ident, still continued, and became still more serious. 
Some attempts were made to settle them, but with¬ 
out effect. 

3. In May, 1811, these difficulties were much in¬ 
creased by an attack of a British sloop-of-war, called 
the Little Belt , upon the American frigate President. 













War with England. 


103 


This was an unprovoked attack, and filled the Amer¬ 
icans with just indignation. 

4. In this state of things, Mr. Madison assembled 
Congress. That body met in November, and on the 
4th of June following (1812) declared war against 
England. 

5. This declaration of war gave offence to many 
American citizens, especially in New England. They 
thought it unnecessary. They held the opinion that 
the difficulties might have been settled without re¬ 
sorting to arms. 

6. It would make too large a volume to tell all 
about this war. On the land , the American armies 
did not gain many victories. They attempted to 
take Canada, but failed to effect their object. On 
the water , the navy showed so much enterprise 
that during one year of the war alone, it is said 
two hundred and fifty merchantmen, besides Brit¬ 
ish armed vessels, were captured by the Amer¬ 
icans. 

7. The first naval battle was between the United 
States frigate Constitution and the British frigate 
Guerriere. This was a dreadful engagement. The 
vessels were nearly equal, as to men and guns. Yet 
the British frigate was entirely dismasted, and other- 



104 The Child's History of the United States. 


wise so much injured that she was set on fire by her 
conquerors, and consumed. 

8. A second naval victory soon followed. This 
was the capture of the Macedonian , by the Amer¬ 
ican frigate United States. The brave Commodore 
Decatur commanded the American frigate. Then 
followed the capture of the British ship Java by the 
Constitution , and that of the Peacock by the Hornet. 

9. The battle of Lake Erie was fought on the 10th 
of September, between the Americans under Com¬ 
modore Perry, and the British under Captain Barclay. 

10. Early in the action the fire from the British 
nearly destroyed Perry’s flagship. When he could 
no longer fight in her, he took the ship’s boat and, 
through a storm of the enemy’s bullets, passed in 
safety to another vessel. 

11. Then, amid loud cheers, Perry’s fleet bore down 
upon the enemy and engaged him in a close and 
deadly fight. A little later, and the first surrender 
of an entire squadron ever known in the annals of 
England’s navy, was made to the American com¬ 
mander and his gallant crews. 

12. Perry announced his victory in these words: 
“ We have met the enemy , and they are ours.” 



War with England. 


105 


13. The next year, 1814, August 23d, six thousand 
British troops came up the Chesapeake, and took the 
city of Washington, and burned the capitol and the 
President’s house. It was no credit to the Amer¬ 
icans to suffer such an outrage, and was a disgrace to 
the British to be guilty of it. 

14. On the 11th of September was fought a cele¬ 
brated naval battle on Lake Champlain, between an 
American and British fleet. The British fleet con¬ 
sisted of seventeen vessels; that of the Americans 
of fourteen. The former had the advantage over 
the latter, both as to guns and men; yet the victory 
was so complete, that nearly the whole fleet fell into 
the hands of Commodore M’Donough, the American 
commander. 

15. On the 24th of December, 1814, a treaty of 
peace was signed between the United States and 
England, which put an end to the war. 

16. This treaty was signed at Ghent, in the Neth¬ 
erlands, at which place men from the United States 
and England met to settle all difficulties. Before the 
news arrived that peace had been agreed upon, the 
famous u JBattle of New Orleans ” took place. It was 
fought on the 8th of January, 1815. General Jack- 
son commanded the Americans, and obtained a 



106 The Child's History of the United States. 


splendid victory. In this battle the British general, 
Packenham, was killed. 

17 . In 1817, Mr. Madison retired from office, and 
James Monroe was chosen President, Daniel D. Tom¬ 
kins was chosen Vice-President. 


Questions. 

1. When did Mr. Madison become President? How long was he in 
office? 

2. What is said of the difficulties which commenced while Mr. Jeffer¬ 
son was President? What of the attempts to settle them? 

3. When were these difficulties increased ? By what circumstance ? 
What effect had this attack upon the American people ? 

4 . What did Mr. Madison do ? Where did Congress meet ? When 
was war declared ? 

5. What was thought of this war by many ? Why ? 

6. In this war, what is said of the armies? What did they attempt ? 
Did the enterprise succeed ? What is said of the naval force ? How 
many captures were made in one year by the Americans ? 

7. Between what vessels was the first engagement? Was it severe? 
Were the vessels nearly equal? Which gained the victory? 

8. Between what vessels was the second engagement? Who com¬ 
manded the American frigate ? What engagement next followed ? What 
next? 

9. When was the battle of Lake Erie fought ? Who commanded the 
Americans ? Who commanded the British ? 

10 . What was the effect of the British fire early in the action ? What 
did Perry then do ? What danger did he encounter? 





War with England. 


107 


11 . What followed? What kind of an engagement was the battle? 
In what did it end ? What is said of this surrender ? 

12 . In what words did Perry announce his victory? 

13 . When did the British take Washington? What did they burn? 
What is said of this attack ? 

14 . When did the engagement take place on Lake Champlain? Be¬ 
tween what? How many vessels had the British? How many the 
Americans ? Which had the advantage ? Which conquered ? 

15 . When was the treaty of peace signed ? 

16. Where was this treaty signed ? Before the news arrived, what 
battle took place ? Where ? Who commanded the Americans ? Who 
obtained the victory ? What British General was killed ? 

17. When did Mr. Madison leave the Presidential chair? Who suc¬ 
ceeded him? Who was chosen Vice-President? 


Story, 

1. On the 13th of September, 1814, the British opened an 
attack upon Baltimore by bombarding Fort McHenry. It 
was during the night of this bombardment that an incident 
occurred which gave birth to one of the most beautiful of our 
national songs. 

2. An American gentleman, Mr. Francis S. Key, had gone 
down from Baltimore, by flag of truce, to settle some law 
questions regarding the exchange of prisoners with the British 
Admiral. 

3. He was politely received, but his visit occurring just on 
the eve of the attack, he was kept a prisoner on board of the 
Admiral’s ship until after the bombardment. 






108 The Child's History of the United States. 


4 . With intense and painful anxiety, all day long he had 
watched the flag of the nation as it floated above the ram¬ 
parts of Fort McHenry, and at night, by the light “of the 
rockets’ red glare ” sought still to catch a glimpse of this 
token that his countrymen had not surrendered. 

5. The feelings of his heart, when at day-dawn he strained 
his eyes towards the fort to see if that standard still floated, 
were afterwards expressed by the poet in the words of 


THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER. 

I. 

Oh! say, can you see, by the dawn’s early light, 

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming, 

Whose broad striDes and bright stars, through the clouds of the fight, 
O’er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming ? 

And the rockets’ red glare, 

The bombs bursting in air, 

Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there; 

Oh! say, does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave 
0’er the land of the free and the home of the brave? 


II. 

On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep, 
Where the foe’s haughty host in dread silence reposes, 
What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep 
As it fitfully blows, half conceals half discloses? 

Now it catches the gleam 
Of the morning’s first beam, 

In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream. 

’T is the Star-Spangled Banner, oh, long may it wave 
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave. 




War with England. 


109 


hi. 

And where is the foe that so sweepingly swore 
That the havoc of war and the battle’s confusion, 

A home and a country should leave us no more ? 

This blood has washed out his foul footstep’s pollution, 

No refuge could save 
The hireling and slave, 

From the terrors of flight or the gloom of the grave; 

And the Star-Spangled Banner in triumph doth wave 
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave. 

IV. 

Oh! thus be it ever, when fofemen shall stand 
Between their loved homes and war’s desolation, 

Blest with victory and peace, may the Heav’n rescued land 
Praise the Power, that hath made and preserved us a nation, 
Then conquer we must, 

When our cause it is just, 

And this be our motto, “ In God is our trust.” 

And the Star-Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave 
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave. 




110 The Childs History of the United States. 



Seminole Indians Fighting U. S. Soldiers. 

LESSON XX. 

The Next Thirty Years. 

1. Between the years 1815 and 1845, the events 
of our national history are chiefly political. They 
would not, therefore, interest our young readers, and 
we will pass over them very briefly. 

2. The following is a list of the Presidents who 
held office during these years: James Monroe for 
two terms, 1817-1825 ; John Quincy Adams, 
1825-1829; General Jackson for two terms, 1829- 
1837; Martin Van Buren, 1837-1841 ; General 
Harrison and John Tyler, 1841-1845. 

3. The territory of the United States had become 




The Next Thirty Years. 


Ill 


greatly enlarged by the purchase of Louisiana. The 
French gave this name to a vast extent of country 
stretching northward from the Gulf of Mexico. This 
tract was purchased from the French government by 
Mr. Jefferson in 1803. Fifteen millions of dollars 
was the sum paid for it. 

4. After the war of 1812, many people from the 
older States emigrated to this western country. From 
it several new States and Territories have been added 
to the Union. In 1819, Florida, which had formerly 
belonged to Spain, was ceded to the United States. 

5. Commerce and manufactures took a fresh start 
when the war was over, and increased with great 
rapidity. In 1825, the Erie Canal was opened. 
This canal is 360 miles in length. It connects Lake 
Erie with the Hudson Kiver at Albany. It took eight 
years to construct it, and cost nine millions of dollars. 

6. At the time of General Jackson’s election, in 
1829, the country was very prosperous. We were 
at peace with all nations. The national debt was 
yearly diminishing. There were five millions of 
money in the treasury. 

7. General Jackson was a very popular President 
with the party which elected him. No President, 
excepting General Washington, was more admired 



112 The Child's History of the United States. 


and praised. But his opposers greatly censured him 
for several things. While former Presidents had re¬ 
moved only a few people from office, he removed 
hundreds. He took measures to break down the 
United States Bank, which a great many thought an 
excellent institution. He also recommended the re¬ 
moval of the Indian tribes from their lands and homes 
to. the west of the Mississippi. This was deemed by 
many a cruel and unrighteous measure. 

8. In 1832, Black Hawk, a powerful chief of the 
Sac Indians, roused them, together with the Fox and 
Winnebago tribes, to war upon the Illinois frontier. 
United States troops were sent against them. Black 
Hawk was captured, and the tribes driven beyond 
the Mississippi. 

9. In 1835, the Seminole Indians in Florida, headed 
by their fierce chief Osceola, began a war which lasted 
seven years. It only ended in 1842, when Osceola, 
having died in prison at Fort Moultrie, his tribe con¬ 
sented to make peace. 

10. When General Jackson left the presidential 
chair, the country was by no means as flourishing as 
when he took it. I cannot tell you all the reasons 
why a sad change had come over it. General Jack- 
son and his friends imputed it to speculation and 



The Next Thirty Years. 


113 


over-trading, but others laid a good share of it to the 
measures which the President had adopted in refer¬ 
ence to the United States Bank and the public money 
which he removed from that bank, and placed in 
other banks. Some of this money was lost, and 
large sums fell into the hands of speculators. 

11 . General Harrison, who became President in 
1841, was elected by a greater majority than any 
President since the days of Washington. No Chief 
Magistrate had entered upon his office with brighter 
prospects. But they were not destined to be real¬ 
ized. Just one month from the day of his inaugura¬ 
tion, after an illness of a few days only, he expired. 

12. John Tyler, the Vice-President, in accordance 

with the requirements of the Constitution, then became 
President. ___ 

Questions . 

1. What is the character of the events of our history between 1815 
and 1845? 

2 . Repeat in order the names of the Presidents who held office from 
1817 to 1845. How many served two terms? Who were they? 

3. What purchase had enlarged the territory of the United States? 
To what was the name Louisiana applied ? From whom was it pur¬ 
chased ? By whom ? When ? For what sum ? 

4 . What took place after the war of 1812? What was added to the 
Union? What acquisition was made in 1819? 

5 . What is said of commerce and manufactures after the war of 1812? 

H 





114 The Child's History of the United States. 

When was the Erie Canal opened ? How long is this canal ? What 
does it connect? How long did it take to build it? What did it cost? 

6. What is said of the country at this time ? What of peace? What 
of the national debt ? What sum of money was in the treasury ? 

7 . What is said of General Jackson as President? How did lie com¬ 
pare with Washington? Who censured him? What was the first 
ground of censure? What did he attempt in reference to the United 
States Bank? What did he recommend about the Indians? What did 
many think about this measure ? 

8. What Indian chief made war in 1832? What tribes aided him? 
What frontier did they attack? Who was sent against the Indians? 
What became of Black Hawk and the Indians? 

9. What Indians made war in 1835? By whom were they led? How 
long did the war last? What induced the Seminoles to make peace? 

10 . What is said of the country when General Jackson retired from 
office? To what did he and his friends impute this? To what did 
others impute the less flourishing state of the country? What did 
General Jackson do with the public money? What became of it? 

11 . What is said of General Harrison’s election? Of his prospects 
when made President? What occurred a month after his inauguration? 

12 . Who became President upon Harrison’s death ? 


St or y. 

1. In the'plaee- of a story I shall here give you a brief ac¬ 
count of the' election and inauguration of a President of the 
United Staten.. Every child should know something about 
these important matters^ 

2. A President of the United States is chosen once in four 
years. He must be at least thirty-five years of age. The 
people possessing a right to vote meet in their several towns, 






The Next Thirty Years. 


115 


in each State, on a certain day, in November of every fourth 
year, and choose electors. Each State is entitled to as many 
electors as it has Senators and Representatives in Congress. 

3. On an appointed day in December, these electors meet 
at the capital of their respective States, and vote for a Presi¬ 
dent and Vice-President. Two or three lists of votes are 
made out, one of which is sent to Washington by a special 
messenger, directed to the President of the Senate. 

4. In February, the ceremony of counting the votes takes 
place. It is quite imposing. It is briefly as follows : At twelve 
o’clock the Senate, with their President, proceed to the Hall 
of Representatives. A man called a Sergeant-at-Arms carries 
a box, containing the packages of votes. 

5. As they enter the hall, the Representatives rise and 
stand till the President and Senators have taken their places. 
All are now seated. Tellers, or persons to count the votes, 
have already been appointed. The President rises, and an¬ 
nounces the object of the meeting. 

G. The box lies before him. He opens it, takes a package 
— that of Maine first — opens it, and hands it to the tellers. 
So he goes through the whole. At length they are opened 
and counted. The tellers lay the result before the President 
of the Senate. He rises, and announces the state of the vote. 
If a choice has been made, he declares that such candidates 
are elected President and Vice-President for four years, from 
the 4th day of March following. 

7. This done, the Houses separate, and committees are ap¬ 
pointed to inform the candidates of their election. 

8. On the following 4th of March, the inauguration of the 



116 The Child's History of the United States. 


President takes place. By this is meant the ceremony of 
introducing him into office. This is a more brilliant affair 
than counting the votes. The ceremonies, though sometimes 
a little varied, are essentially the same. 

9. At a stated hour, the newly-elected President enters the 
Senate Chamber. A Marshal and Committee of Arrange¬ 
ment accompany him. On his right stands the newly-elected 
Vice-President and the Judges of the Supreme Court. On 
the left sit foreign ambassadors and their suites, in their 
splendid costumes. The room is filled with Senators. In the 
rear are ladies dressed in the richest style. The members 
of the House of Representatives occupy the western gallery. 

10 . Precisely at twelve the President rises. This action is 
followed by all others. A procession is formed, which pro¬ 
ceeds to the eastern portico of the magnificent capitol. Im¬ 
mense multitudes have assembled to witness the scene. The 
President elect takes his station, elevated above the rest, and 
delivers his inaugural speech, in which he states the principles 
by which he shall administer the government. 

11 . When this is concluded, the Chief-Justice of the United 
States rises, and, advancing towards him, administers to him 
the following oath : “ I do solemnly swear, that I will faith¬ 
fully execute the office of President of the United States, and 
will, to the best of my ability, forever protect and defend 
the Constitution of the United States.” 

12. At this moment, the thunder of cannon bursts upon the 
ears of the gathered thousands, indicating that the transaction 
is over, and that the nation has a new President. 






The Mexican War. 


117 



Battle of Buena Vi 


LESSON XXL 

The Mexican War. 

1. At the close of Mr. Tyler’s administration, 
Texas, one of the provinces of Mexico, applied for 
admission into the Union. Mexico had refused to 
acknowledge the independence of Texas, and its 
annexation to the United States would inevitably 
bring on a war between the two countries. 

2. The measure was therefore opposed by a very 
large party. Notwithstanding, the bill for annexa- 






118 The Child's History of the United States. 

tion was passed in Congress, and in July, 1845, 
Texas became one of the United States. 

3. As had been feared, war with Mexico followed. 
President Polk, who had succeeded Mr. Tyler, ordered 
General Zachary Taylor to the Rio Grande, the 
boundary river between the two countries. 

4. On the 8th and 9th of May, 1846, Taylor 
defeated the Mexicans in the battles of Palo Alto 
and Resaca de la Palma. He then advanced into 
the country, and, after four days of fierce assault, 
compelled the enemy to surrender and evacuate the 
fortified town of Monterey. 

5. Taylor’s next and most famous battle took place 
early in the following year, 1847, at Buena Vista. 
Here, in a narrow mountain pass, with a small force, 
he was attacked by the Mexican General Santa Anna, 
with an army of twenty thousand. 

0. The day was the 22d of February. With “ the 
memory of Washington ” for their war-cry, Taylor’s 
men prepared to celebrate it by a brilliant display of 
American valor. 

7. It was a fierce conflict between this little band 
of five thousand United States troops and the over¬ 
whelming masses of Mexico. More than once was 
the issue doubtful during the two days that the battle 



The Mexican War. 


119 


lasted. But victory remained with the Americans. 
When morning broke on the 24th of February, Gen¬ 
eral Taylor found no enemy to contend with. Santa 
Anna had retreated during the night. 

8. Towards the close of the preceding year, 1846, 
General Scott had been sent to Mexico. In March 
he laid siege to the strong castle of San Juan d’ Ul- 
lo-a, which defended the city of Vera Cruz. After 
four days’ bombardment both castle and city were 
surrendered. 

9. General Scott now began his march to the 
Mexican capital. His progress was marked by a 
series of victories. He defeated the Mexicans at 
Cerro Gordo, at Puebla, and advanced against theii 
strong defences in the valley of Mexico, immediately 
surrounding that city. 

10 . Here,- at the bridge of Churubusco, the hill of 
Contreras, and the strongly defended heights of Cha- 
pultepec, Scott’s army met with brave and deter¬ 
mined resistance from the Mexicans. But the im¬ 
petuous valor of his troops overcame every obstacle. 
On the 13th of September, the American general 
entered the capital of Mexico as its conqueror, and 
took up his quarters in the National palace. 

11. In February of the following year a treaty of 



120 The Child's History of the United States. 

peace between the United States and Mexico was 
signed. By the terms of this treaty New Mexico 
and California were ceded to us for the sum of fifteen 
millions of dollars. 

12. In 1849, General Taylor, one of the heroes of 
the Mexican war, became President. He died a few 
months after his inauguration, and his term of office 
was filled out by the Vice-President, Mr. Fillmore. 
In 1853, Mr. Fillmore was succeeded by Franklin 
Pierce, who held office until 1857, when James Bu¬ 
chanan succeeded to the Presidential chair. 


Questions . 

1. Of what country had Texas formed a part? For what did she 
apply in 1844? What had Mexico refused? What would the annexa¬ 
tion of Texas involve ? 

2. How was this measure received ? Notwithstanding the opposition, 
what took place? When was Texas admitted? 

3. What followed ? Who had succeeded Mr. Tyler ? Who was sent 
to the Rio Grande? What is that river? 

4 . What battles were fought on the 8th and 9th of May ? With what 
result? What did General Taylor then do? What town surrendered? 

5. What was General Taylor’s most famous battle ? Where was he 
attacked by the Mexicans ? How large was their army ? By whom 
commanded ? 

6. On what day did the battle begin? What was the American war- 
cry? How did Taylor's men celebrate Washington’s birthday? 




The Mexican War. 


121 


7 . What was the character of the conflict? How many men had 
General Taylor? How many days did the battle last? Who won it? 
What did General Taylor find on the third morning ? What had be¬ 
come of the enemy ? 

8. When did General Scott reach Mexico ? To what castle did he lay 
siege? What town was defended by this castle? How long did the 
siege last ? In what did it end ? 

9 . What did General Scott now begin ? By what was his progress 
marked? Where did he defeat the Mexicans? Against what did he 
then advance? 

10 . Name the places at which he met resistance. What was the 
character of that resistance? What overcame it? When did General 
Scott enter the capital? In what character? Where did he lodge? 

11 . When was the treaty of peace signed ? By its terms what terri¬ 
tory was given to the United States ? For what sum of money ? 

12 . Who became President in 1849? When did he die ? By whom 
was his term of office filled? Who succeeded Mr. Fillmore? Who be¬ 
came President in 1857 ? 


Story. 

1. In the summer of 1848, after the treaty with Mexico 
had secured to the United States the country of California, 
news of gold discoveries there reached the Atlantic States. 
Mr. Sutter, a Swiss emigrant, had settled himself on the 
American fork of the Sacramento River. He named his set¬ 
tlement New Helvetia, in honor of his native country — 
Helvetia being the ancient name of Switzerland. 

2. About fifty miles above the fort which Mr. Sutter had 
built, there grew a valuable species of pine-tree, which he 





122 


The Child's History of the United States. 


wished to have cut down and sawed into lumber. He em¬ 
ployed a man to build him a saw-mill: a dam and a race were 
also made. The water rushing into the race with a strong 
current deposited a large bed of mud and gravel. 

3. One day Mr. Marshall (the builder of the saw-mill) ob¬ 
served glittering particles in this mass. Being sure that they 
were gold, he told Mr. Sutter of the discovery, and the two 
agreed to keep the secret. It was soon known, however, and 
before three months had gone by, four thousand men were at 
work in the vicinity, gathering gold, valued from sixteen to 
forty-eight dollars a day. 

4 . When the news of the gold discoveries reached the 
States, thousands of people started for California. The long, 
painful march across the plains, exposed to tribes of hostile 
Indians, amid deserts, and across the snows of the Sierra 
Nevada, the deadly climate of the Darien Isthmus, and the 
perilous voyage around Cape Horn, all were eagerly under¬ 
taken in the search for gold. In 1849, between the months 
of April and January, nearly forty thousand emigrants ar¬ 
rived at the port of San Francisco. 

5 . The gold diggings presented a curious scene of eager 
toil. Men, used to all the comforts of home, were found gath¬ 
ered there in rude huts or canvas ten-ts, under a burning sun, 
washing for gold — some with tin pans, others with the close 
woven Indian baskets, or a rude machine called a cradle; all 
eager for gain, and excited and lured on by the success of 
some of their number. From one locality, two men, in the 
course of one week, had obtained gold to the amount of 
$ 10 , 000 . 



The Mexican War. 


123 


6. Still more singular was the scene which San Francisco 
presented. This quiet, dull town, whose harbor had been 
rarely visited, save by the lonely fishing vessels or whalers 
of the Pacific, now became a port of nations. Through the 
Golden Gate, the portal to the beautiful harbor, “ crowded 
the shipping of the world, mast behind mast, and vessel be¬ 
hind vessel, the flags of all nations fluttering in the breeze.” 

7. The canvas tents, wooden houses, almost huts, of the 
new comers, soon gave place to three-story ware-houses, hotels, 
dwellings, market-houses, and theatres. Porters, carts, work¬ 
men, and new buildings gave an air of busy life to the scene. 
The city was soon thronged with people of all nations; even 
the grave Chinaman now walked its streets, and introduced 
into California the strange dress, dwellings, and customs of 
that hitherto unknown empire. 

8. Where gold was so abundant, the price of every article 
was extravagant. Seventy-five cents was charged for a boiled 
egg; eight dollars a dozen was paid for washing clothes; and 
ten or twelve dollars for a pair of shoes. In some instances, 
at the mines, one hundred dollars was charged for a barrel of 
flour. 

9. In the year 1850, when California was admitted into 
the Union, San Francisco had become a city with a population 
of about twenty thousand. “ Like the magic seed of the 
Indian juggler, which grew, blossomed, and bore fruit before 
the eyes of his spectators, San Francisco seemed to have 
accomplished in a day the growth of half a century.”* 


* Bayard Taylor. 






124 The Child's History of the United States. 



!• And now we have come to the saddest story in 
our nation’s history,—that of the Civil War between 
the Northern and the Southern States of our Union. 
To help you to understand how it came about, we 
must tell you some of the events of the ten years 
before the war actually began. 

2. By the treaty with Mexico, you will remember, 
the United States gained the large country of Cali¬ 
fornia. The rich gold mines of California drew 
thither adventurers from all parts of the world. In 
less than two years from the first finding of the gold 



















The Civil War. 


125 


there were people enough in California to make it a 
State. 

3. The majority of these settlers desired slavery 
to be forbidden in the new State by an act of Con¬ 
gress. The Congressmen from the South strongly 
opposed this. 

4. At length some peace-making proposals of Mr. 
Clay were accepted, and by this means war was post¬ 
poned for the next ten years. California was ad¬ 
mitted as a free State in 1850. In the same year 
Congress passed a Fugitive Slave Law. Under this 
law such slaves as escaped from their masters were 
to be seized and returned to them. 

5. But during all these ten years, sad to say, the 
ill-feeling grew worse and worse between the North 
and the South. There were, no doubt, great faults 
on both sides. When new States were to be added 
to the Union there arose fierce quarrels as to whether 
they should come in as free or slave States. 

6. In Kansas, for many a year, there was dreadful 
fighting and bloodshed. By the close of 1859, three 
new free States—Kansas, Minnesota, and Oregon— 
had been added. The number of slave-holding States 
remained the same as before. 




126 The Child's History of the United States. 

7. In the fall of 1860 a President was to be chosen. 
There were two great parties in the country — the 
Republican and the Democratic. 

8. The Republicans were opposed to slavery, and 
especially to the carrying of it into any new States 
or Territories. 

9. The Democrats were divided. One portion, 
composed chiefly of Southern men, said that Con¬ 
gress had no right to do away with slavery, or to 
prevent its existence in any new State; the other 
portion declared that it should be left to the States 
themselves to say whether they should be slave or 
free. Congress ought not to meddle with the ques¬ 
tion. 

10 . When the Presidential election in 1860 was 
held, Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, was chosen. He 
was the candidate of the Republican party. Then 
followed sad, dark days for our whole country. One 
after another the Southern States, beginning with 
South Carolina and ending with Tennessee, declared 
themselves out of the Union. They set up a Southern 
Confederacy, and chose Mr. Jefferson Davis, of Mis¬ 
sissippi, for their President. 

11 . Of course, war could not be far off now; and 
in fact, before the last State had gone out the first 



The Civil War. 127 

gun had been fired. This was at Fort Sumter, in 
Charleston harbor. My story for this lesson will tell 
you more about it. 


Questions. 

1. What may be called the saddest portion of our history? 

2 . What had the United States gained by the treaty with Mexico? 
What attracted people to California? What effect had this upon the 
population ? 

3 . What did the majority of the settlers desire? Who opposed this? 

4 . How was the question settled for a time? How long was war 
postponed? When was California admitted? What law was passed in 
the same year ? What was to be done under this law ? 

5 . What is said of the ill-feeling during the next ten years? What 
quarrels arose when new States applied for admission ? 

0 . What was the condition of things in Kansas? At the end of 1859 
how many new free States had been admitted ? Name them 

7 . What two parties divided the country in 1860? 

8. How did the Republicans regard slavery ? To what did they es¬ 
pecially object? 

9 . What is said of the Democrats ? What did one portion say about 
slavery ? Who belonged to this portion chiefly ? What did the other 
portion declare? 

10 . Who was elected President in the fall of 1860? Of which party 
was he the candidate? What followed ? What did the Southern States 
do? Which was the first to secede? What did they set up? Who was 
their President? 

11 . When and where was the first gun fired in the Civil War? 







128 The Child's History of the United States. 


Story. 

1. On Sullivan’s Island, in the harbor of Charleston, South 
Carolina, stands Fort Moultrie. There, in the year 1860, 
was stationed Major Robert Anderson, with a few officers 
and artillery soldiers. 

2. About a mile distant, in the bay, rose the granite walls 
and battlements of the small fortress of Sumter. It was the 
strongest place in case of an attack, and, sad to say, the signs 
became clearer, every day, that the South Carolinians meant 
to drive away the United States troops from their harbor. 
So, the night after Christmas, Major Anderson quietly stole 
away from Moultrie and put himself and his men into Sumter. 

3. Here they spent three weary months. Their provisions 
were failing, and the Charleston people watched the harbor 
and kept off every ship that came to bring them supplies. 
Early in January, a steamer, named The Star of the West , 
was sent to the relief of the men at Fort Sumter. She went 
from New York, and had on board artillery soldiers with 
their arms and ammunition, and supplies of food for the gar¬ 
rison. As this vessel approached Fort Moultrie she was fired 
into, and, to escape capture or destruction, she withdrew and 
returned to New York. Major Anderson now knew that in 
case of attack he had not ammunition enough to return a 
fire for any length of time. 

4. At last, on the 10th of April, 1861, the Southern gen¬ 
eral, Beauregard, demanded of Major Anderson the surrender 
of Sumter. 



The Civil War. 


129 


5. Major Anderson refused. To a second demand, made 
on the following day, Major Anderson replied that he would 
give up the fort on the 15th of April, unless he should re¬ 
ceive, before that day, supplies of food and ammunition, or 
orders not to surrender, from the government at Washington. 

0. But General Beauregard would not wait, and at twenty 
minutes past four o’clock in the morning, on the 12th of April, 
the batteries of Charleston opened fire upon the sturdy little 
fortress of Sumter. 

7. It was the hand of Edmund Ruffin, a white-haired old 
man of Virginia, that fired the first shot. 

8. The red-hot shells thrown from the guns set fire to the 
buildings of the fort. The powder was in so much danger 
that nearly all of it had to be cast into the sea. The little 
garrison could not put out the flames, nor return the fire of 
the enemy. To hold the fort now was impossible, and Major 
Anderson hoisted a flag of distress. Soon after he surren¬ 
dered, and on Sunday morning, April 14th, with drums 
beating and colors flying, the little garrison of eighty men 
marched out of Sumter. 








130 The Child's History of the United States. 



Capture ok New Orleans. 


LESSON XXIII. 

The Civil War (Continued\ 

1. The war which began with the firing upon Fort 
Sumter lasted through four sad years. Many bloody 
battles were fought. Thousands of brave and noble 
men fell on both sides. Many of the fairest portions 
of our country were laid waste, and millions of prop¬ 
erty destroyed. 

2. The Confederate soldiers had fine commanders, 
and they fought with great bravery and spirit. 

3. They gained some important victories in Vir¬ 
ginia, and it was feared they might capture the capi¬ 
tal at Washington. 










The Civil War. 


131 


4. Meanwhile they kept well their own city of 
Richmond. More than one fine army from the 
North, during these four years, marched against it, 
but each time they were driven back with many 
losses in killed and wounded. 

5. In the second year of the war large forces of 
Federal troops were sent to the West. There flows 
“the Father of Waters,” the river Mississippi. Over 
this great highway all the supplies of food from the 
rich prairies of the South-Western States were brought 
to the Confederacy. 

6. From Memphis, on this river, starts a railway. 
It runs eastward three hundred and ten miles, to 
Chattanooga, in Tennessee. At this place the rail¬ 
way branches, one line going north-east to Richmond, 
another south-east to Charleston. 

7. It was a great object for the North to get pos¬ 
session of the Mississippi, and to cut this line of rail¬ 
road. It was the work given to the armies of the 
West. 

8. In February, 1862, General Grant captured the 
two strong posts of Forts Henry and Donelson, in 
Tennessee. Then he pressed southward, and soon 
after fought the fierce fight of Corinth. 




132 The Child's History of the United States. 


9. From early dawn till nightfall, on that April 
Sunday, the battle went sore against the Union forces. 
During the night came a large army, under General 
Buell, to the aid of General Grant. 

10 . Then the tide of victory turned. By evening 
the Confederate troops retreated. Memphis fell, and 
the Mississippi far down to Vicksburg was gained for 
the Union. 

11 . A few weeks later the great city of New Or¬ 
leans, at the mouth of the river, was taken by Com¬ 
modore Farragut’s gunboats. And now only the 
strong fortress of Vicksburg remained to the Con¬ 
federates. 

12. War raged fiercely in the West. I cannot tell 
you of all the hard battles that were fought there 
during the years 1862 and 1863. 


Q uestion s, 

1. How long did the Civil War continue? What calamities did it 
cause ? What is said of the destruction of life ? What of property ? 

2 . What is said of the Confederate commanders? What of their 
fighting ? 

3 . Where did they win victories? What fears were entertained? 

4 . What is said of the Confederate capital? Did Union armies at¬ 
tempt its capture ? With what result? 





The Civil War. 


133 


5. What was done in the second year of the war ? What great river 
flows there ? Of what service was this river to the Confederacy ? 

6. Describe the railway from this river to Chattanooga. What two 
lines diverge at this point? 

7. What was a great object for the North? To whom was the work 
given ? 

8. What captures were made in February, 1862? By whom? In 
what direction did General Grant move after these battles ? Where was 
the next battle ? 

0 . When was this battle fought ? How did it go the first day ? What 
aid did General Grant receive during the night ? 

10 . What happened then ? What became of the Confederates? What 
city fell ? How far down was the Mississippi regained ? 

11 . What great city was captured a few weeks later? By whom? 
What now alone remained to the Confederates ? 

12 . Where did the war rage fiercely? During what years? 


Story 

Of the Fight between the Merrimack and the Monitor. 

1. The Merrimack was an old United States frigate. She 
had been sunk when the Federal forces abandoned the Nor¬ 
folk navy-yard. The Confederates raised her, renamed her 
The Virginia, made her as strong as strong could be, and put 
ten heavy guns upon her deck. 

2. Early in the spring of 1862 this proud Goliath of a war¬ 
ship rode upon the waters of Chesapeake Bay. 

3. Not far off, in Hampton Roads, were the United States 
vessels Congress and Cumberland . Six miles further, at For- 




134 The Child's History of the United States. 

tress Monroe, lay the frigates Roanoke , Minnesota , and St. 
Lawrence. 

4. A little before noon, on the 8th of March, the Merrimack 
bore down upon the Union ships. Her great iron beak struck 
the Cumberland. With flag still flying, and with one last 
broadside, this vessel went down. 

5. Then the Congress was set on fire, and ran ashore to save 
herself from sinking. The frigates had come up from For¬ 
tress Monroe to aid the fight. Of these the Minnesota was 
crippled and aground. The rest escaped only because the 
water in which they lay was too shallow for the Merrimack 
to get near them. 

0. Then at evening the terrible ship steamed back to Nor¬ 
folk. “ On the morrow,” said the giant, “ I will return and 
eat up the rest.” 

7. At nine o’clock that night came down upon the waters of 
the bay a queer-looking little craft. “ Like a Yankee cheese- 
box on a plank,” said the men on board of the Merrimack, 
when they saw it. 

8. But within this iron “cheese-box” were two heavy 
guns. They were made to fire very big balls, and to fire 
them very quickly too. Besides, the low, round tower, which 
the Confederates likened to a “ cheese-box,” was contrived, 
by machinery, to revolve. So it could turn round upon an 
enemy and fire some unexpected shots. 

9. Early on the next morning the Merrimack came out 
again to destroy the frigates. She bore towards the helpless 
Minnesota. 



The Civil War, 


135 


10 . Then up steamed the bold Monitor and stood right 
athwart her path. The Merrimack turned upon the audacious 
little champion and fired a broadside. The heavy rain of 
shot did no more harm than so many pebbles thrown by the 
hand of a child. 

11 . Four hours the battle went on between the big ship 
and the little one ; but at length a shot from the “ cheese- 
box ” found a weak spot in the giant iron-clad The Merri¬ 
mack began to leak. Then angrily she dashed her huge bulk 
right against the Monitor. The sturdy little vessel felt a 
mighty shock, but after it she still stood undaunted and un¬ 
harmed. 

12 . A few more shots from her guns against the Merrimack , 
and the battle was ended. The Confederate Virginia crept 
back into Norfolk harbor for repairs, and the palm of victory 
belonged to the gallant little Monitor. 



The “Merrimack.” Attacking the “Cumberland.” 


















136 The Child's History of the United States. 



1. Important lines of railway, connecting the West¬ 
ern with the Gulf and sea-board States, united at Chat¬ 
tanooga, in Tennessee. It was therefore a post of 
great value. 

2. Strong efforts were made by the Union forces to 
take it, and, in the summer of 1863, an army under 
General Rosecrans gained possession of Chattanooga 
itself, but the Confederates still held Lookout Moun¬ 
tain and Missionary Ridge, and the strong line of de¬ 
fences in front of it. General Rosecrans, shut up in 
this mountain fastness, was closely watched by the 
vigilant enemy. 











The Civil War. 


187 


3. Meanwhile, farther west, the Confederacy had 
sustained a fatal blow. On the 4th of July, 1863, 
Vicksburg had surrendered to General Grant. 

4. This little town and its defences had been bravely 
and obstinately held. For eighteen months all the 
plans and efforts of Generals Grant and Sherman and 
Commodore Farragut had failed to take it. But it 
had fallen at length, and with it the hope of final 
success for the Confederacy. 

5. General Grant’s victorious army now marched 
to the relief of General Rosecrans, shut up in Chat¬ 
tanooga. The divisions of his army under General 
Sherman and General Hooker fought the Confederates 
at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. The 
enemy, after much brave fighting on both sides, was 
driven from all his lines of defence, and retreated 
into Georgia. 

6. At the South the means of fighting, the soldiers, 
and ammunition and supplies of food, grew less and 
less with each succeeding month. 

7. The fortunes of war went thus against the Con¬ 
federacy in the West; in the East they still held 
their capital, and sent out large forces up the valleys 
of Virginia and Maryland to ravage or threaten the 
Northern States. 




138 The Child's History of the United States. 


8. In July of 1863 one of these armies, under Gen¬ 
eral Lee, had gone into Pennsylvania. After doing 
a good deal of mischief, the troops were making their 
way back into Maryland. At Gettysburg, near the 
southern border of Pennsylvania, they were met by 
an army of Federal soldiers under General Meade. 

9. And here, on the first three days of July, was 
fought one of the greatest battles of the war. It 
was a hard and desperate struggle. When the 
sun went down, on the evening of the third of July, 
General Lee was retreating across the Potomac. 
Thirty thousand of his men were left dead or 
wounded upon this bloody battle-field. 

Qne stions. 

1. Why was Chattanooga a post of great value? 

2. Were the Union forces desirous to take it? When and by whom 
was it gained ? What was still held by the Confederates ? By whom 
was Chattanooga watched ? Who was shut up in this stronghold ? 

3. When and to whom did Vicksburg surrender? 

4 . How had it been held? How long had Union commanders been 
trying to take it ? What fell with Vicksburg ? 

5. To what point did Grant’s army now march ? What generals com¬ 
manded in the battles before Chattanooga? Give the names of these 
battles. What was the result? Whither did the enemy retreat? 

G. What was the condition of the South now ? 

7. Where were the Confederates defeated? How did they fare in the 
East? Whither did they send large forces? For what objects? 





The Civil War. 


139 


8. When was Pennsylvania invaded ? By what general ? What was 
done by this army ? In what direction were they retreating? By what 
Federal force were they met? Where? 

9 . When was a battle fought? What was the character of the con¬ 
flict? What was the result? When and in what direction did General 
Lee retreat ? How many dead and wounded did he leave upon the field ? 


Story . 

1. One of the earliest battles of the war was that of Bull 
Run . In this encounter the Union troops under General 
McDowell were at first successful, but, the Confederates re¬ 
ceiving reinforcements, the day ended in the complete rout 
of McDowell’s army. 

2. At one moment in the action the Southern troops under 
General Bee were pressed back in wild confusion. Their 
leader thought that all was lost. Suddenly his eye caught 
the gleam of bayonets. Reinforcements were coming up. 
Bee turned at once and galloped back to make one more 
effort to rally his men. 

3. Pointing with his sword to the commander of these 
fresh forces, he shouted, “Look! boys; there is Jackson 
standing like a stone wall! Let us determine to die here, 
and we will conquer ! ” 

4. From that hour the soldiers called this general “ Stone¬ 
wall Jackson.” The name thus given him upon the battle¬ 
field, in a baptism, as it were, of blood and fire, has now 
become his designation throughout the world. 

5. “ Stonewall ” Jackson, whose real Christian name was 
Thomas Jonathan, was born in Virginia, in the year 1824. 






140 The Child's History of the United States. 


He was left an orphan at a very early age. He was brought 
up on a farm, with no better advantages of education than 
those afforded by a field school on his uncle’s plantation. 

6. When sixteen years old he desired to enter the Military 
Academy at West Point. He applied to a friend to put him 
in the way of getting an appointment. The friend questioned 
him as to his fitness for it. 

7. Jackson replied, “ I am very ignorant, but I can make 
it up by study. I know I have the energy, and I think I 
have the intellect.” This manly yet modest reply interested 
the gentleman, and he determined to help the boy. 

8. He wrote a letter for him to the member of Congress 
who had the appointment in his gift. With this letter in 
his pocket, young Jackson started for Washington. 

9. A gentleman lent him his horse to ride to Clarksburg, 
where he expected to take the stage. When the lad reached 
that town the stage had gone. A friend urged him to ride 
on to the next village, where he would overtake it. This 
friend also offered to send thither for the borrowed horse and 
return him safely to his owner. 

10 . It was a great temptation. With the horse he would 
be sure of reaching the next town in time; without him he 
would have to plod his way over muddy roads, his mind 
filled with anxiety and fear lest he should miss the stage. 
But Jackson had 'promised to leave the horse at Clarksburg, 
and he would not break his word. 

11 . He walked on, overtook the stage, reached Washing¬ 
ton, and obtained his appointment. 

12. When he graduated, in 1846, he was sent to Mexico, 



The Civil War. 


141 


and fought bravely in all the battles of Scott’s army, from 
Vera Cruz to the Mexican capital. 

13 . In 1851 he resigned from the army, and became a Pro¬ 
fessor in the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington. Here 
he spent ten years in a beautiful and happy home. A devout 
Christian, he early chose for his life’s motto: “ Do your duty, 
and leave the rest to God.” 

14 . When the Civil War broke out, Jackson became the 
commander of the First Virginia brigade. The Valley of 
Virginia, in which Lexington stands, was the dearest spot on 
all the earth to him. He was wont to say, “ If this valley 
is lost, Virginia is lost.’’ To his men he always spoke of it 
as “ our valley.” Even the Union soldiers recognized the 
affection of the Confederate general for this region. They 
always expected the hardest blows when they knew that 
“Stonewall ” Jackson was abroad in the Shenandoah Valley. 

15 . In the spring of 1863 the Union forces under General 
Hooker were at Chancellorsville. There, on the 2d of May, 
Jackson attacked them. He drove them from their entrench¬ 
ments, and wanted, he declared, but “one hour more of day¬ 
light,” to complete his success. 

16 . The battle for that day was over. It was ten o’clock 
at night. Jackson, with a small escort, rode out to recon¬ 
noitre the Federal position. He had advanced within one 
hundred yards of the Union lines. Suddenly some Confed¬ 
erate infantry, mistaking the General and his escort for a 
party of Union troops, fired upon them. 

17. Again, under the same mistake, another volley was 
fired by a second brigade of his own men. The whole escort 





142 The Child's History of the United States. 


save two were killed or wounded. Jackson himself was se¬ 
verely wounded in three places. He was borne away bleed¬ 
ing, and in great pain, and after some hours reached a Con¬ 
federate hospital, about five miles from the spot where he fell. 

18 . On the following day General Lee followed up Jack¬ 
son’s success, and Hooker’s army sustained a severe defeat. 

19 . All during that sad Sunday, whilst the battle was rag¬ 
ing around Chancellorsville, Jackson lay faint and suffering 
in the hospital at Wilderness Run. In the evening he re¬ 
ceived a note from General Lee expressing deepest sympathy 
for his wounds. General Lee wrote in his note, “ I congratu¬ 
late you on the victory, which is due to your skill and energy.” 

20 . The sympathy of his commander was very grateful to 
the wounded soldier, but upon reading this last clause he 
said, reverently, “ General Lee should give the glory to God.” 

21 . As his end drew near he was calm and cheerful. To 
his wife he said, “ It will be infinite gain to be translated to 
heaven and be with Jesus.” When told that but a few mo¬ 
ments more of life remained, he replied, “Very good, very 
good ; it is all right.” 

22 . After delivering loving messages to be given to friends 
and comrades, his thoughts went back to the home of his 
earthly affections, and he murmured, “ Bury me in Lexington, 
in the valley of Virginia.” His last words were: “Let us 
cross over the river and rest under the shade of the trees.” 
A little later, and the brave soldier has crossed the river of 
death, and was at rest in the paradise of God, under the 
shadow of the Tree of Life. 







The Civil War. 


143 



LESSON XXV. 


The Civil War ( Concluded ). 

1. In 1864 there were two armies of Confederates 
to fight against—one under General Lee in the East, 
and another under General Johnston in the West. 

2. General Grant was now in command of the 
Union forces in Virginia. General Sherman had 
command of the armies in the West. 

3. In the pleasant month of May, General Sherman, 
at the head of nearly 100,000 men, was preparing to 
march right through the heart of the Southern States 
to the Atlantic coast. 





144 The Child's History of the United States. 


4. At the North the army under General Grant 
was pressing nearer and nearer to the Confederate 
capital at Richmond. 

5. General Sherman made his terrible march to 
the sea, and behind him lay desolate fields and ruined 
cities, and the charred and blackened walls of many 
a once pleasant country home. Savannah was taken, 
and Sherman’s armies marched northward through 
the Carolinas. 

6. Meanwhile General Grant had been, for nearly 
a year, fighting and manoeuvring to take Richmond. 
In the spring of 1865 the end grew near. Union 
armies were fast closing in around the Confederate 
capital. Then General Lee gave up and tried to es¬ 
cape into North Carolina. General Grant pursued, 
fighting the Confederates at every point. 

7. On the 9th of April, at Appomattox Court-House, 
General Lee surrendered his army to General Grant. 
“Men, we have fought through this war together. 1 
have done the best I could for youf were the South¬ 
ern general’s parting words to his soldiers. 

8. Eight days later General Johnston’s army in 
North Carolina laid down their arms, and the Civil 
War was ended. 



The Civil War. 


145 


9. Just before the close of the war a dreadful deed 
was done, which sent a thrill of horror throughout 
the nation. On the 14th of April, 1865, President 
Lincoln was killed by a pistol-shot fired from the 
hand of an assassin. 

10 . Mr. Lincoln had entered upon his second term 
of office but a few weeks before his death. His ad¬ 
dress on the day of his inauguration had ended with 
these words : “ With malice towards none , with char¬ 
ity for all , with firmness in the right , as God gives us 
to see the right , let us strive on to finish the work we 
are in , to hind up the nation’s wounds , to care for 
him who shall have borne the battle , and for his 
widow and, his orphans , to do all which may insure 
a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with 
all nations ” 

11 . And now Grod had called him, and the work 
was given into other hands than his. 


Questions . 

1. Name the two armies of the Confederates to be encountered in 1864. 

2 . Who commanded the Union forces in Virginia? Who in the West? 

3. What force had General Sherman ? For what did he prepare in 
May ? 

4 . How was the army under General Grant occupied ? 

K 






146 The Child's History of the United States. 

5* Did Sherman accomplish his march ? What did he leave behind 
him ? What city was captured ? Whither did his army march ? 

6. How long had General Grant been trying in vain to take Rich¬ 
mond ? When did the end draw near? What was then the position 
of the Union army ? What attempt was made by General Lee ? What 
action was then taken by General Grant? 

7. When and at what place did General Lee surrender ? Repeat his 
parting words to his soldiers. 

8. Who surrendered eight days later ? Where ? 

9. When and how was Mr. Lincoln killed ? 

10. What had he entered upon a few weeks previous? Repeat what 
you can remember of his inaugural address. 


St or y. 

1. Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor farmer, was born in 
Kentucky, in the year 1809. 

2. In those early days there were scarcely any schools in 
our Western country, and very few opportunities of any kind 
for obtaining an education. Young Lincoln, with less than 
one year’s schooling, learned reading and arithmetic, and, 
through the help of a kind neighbor, writing. Always eager 
to acquire knowledge, he improved every opportunity that 
came in his way. 

3. In the evening, after the hard farm labors of the day 
were over, he might be seen, by the light of a huge log fire, 
poring over such books as he could borrow in the neighbor- 





The Civil War. 


147 


hood. When eighteen years of age the books which he had 
the privilege of reading were: The Bible, HSsop’s Fables, The 
Pilgrim’s Progress, Weem’s Life of Washington, The Life of 
Henry Clay, The Life of Franklin, and Ramsay’s Life of 
Washington. 

4. Lincoln was a brave and hardy boy. The navigation 
of the Mississippi was then exceedingly dangerous, because 
of snags and shoals. Yet, before he was twenty-one years 
old, the lad had twice taken charge of a flat-boat, and carried 
it safely through the perilous voyage to New Orleans. 

5. In 1830 the Lincoln family removed to Illinois, and 
Abraham soon after left his parents to begin life for him¬ 
self. He studied law, and supported himself whilst thus 
engaged by land-surveying. In 1836 he was admitted to the 
bar, and then took up his residence at Springfield, the cap¬ 
ital of Illinois. Ten years later he was elected a member of 
Congress, and in 1860, as you know, became President of the 
United States. 

0. He carried the North successfully through the Civil 
War, and in the spring of 1865 the “peace ” which he had 
prayed might “ come soon, and come to stay ; and so come as 
to be worth keeping in all future time,” seemed almost 
within his grasp. 

7. On Good Friday evening, the 14th of April, a few weeks 
after his second inauguration, Mr. Lincoln went, in order to 
gratify some friends, to see the play at Ford’s theatre, in 
Washington. He had been there but a short time when a 
pistol-shot, fired by the hand of John Wilkes Booth, caused 
him to fall mortally wounded. The President was borne 
from the theatre and died during the night. 




148 The Child's History of the United States. 


8. The murder of Mr. Lincoln was the result of a con¬ 
spiracy among a few fanatical partisans of the Confederacy, 
which aimed also at the lives of other prominent members of 
the government. 

9. About the same hour in which Booth had struck down 
the principal victim at Ford’s theatre, a man entered the 
dwelling of Mr. Seward, Secretary of State, at that time an 
invalid confined to his bed. Forcing his way into the sick 
man’s chamber under pretence of bearing a prescription from 
his medical adviser, the assassin inflicted with a knife several 
severe but not mortal wounds upon the Secretary. 

10 . This man, together with other conspirators in this 
assassination plot, was subsequently arrested, brought to 
trial, found guilty, and executed in the following July. 

11 . Booth, who had fled immediately from Washington, 
was traced and discovered, but his life was taken in the 
attempt to capture him. 

12 . The grief felt upon the death of Mr. Lincoln was as uni¬ 
versal as it was deep and sincere. Mournful yet triumphal 
was that journey which bore the remains of the beloved and 
martyred President to their last resting-place amid the prai¬ 
ries of Illinois. From the 21st of April to the 4th of May, 
for two entire weeks, that funeral procession lasted. Mil¬ 
lions of heart-stricken mourners, of all classes and conditions, 
of all races, of all religions, and of all political parties, gath¬ 
ered along the route of the long journey to offer the tribute 
of their sorrow and their affection. 










Later Events. 


149 



Centennial Art Gallery, Philadelphia. 


LESSON XXVI. 

Later Events. 

1. Mr. Johnson, the Vice-President, succeeded Mr. 
Lincoln in his office. The war had ended, but a 
great deal remained to be done. An army of a mil¬ 
lion of soldiers was to be disbanded; an immense 
national debt to be paid off; and the Southern Con¬ 
federacy to be brought back into the union of States. 

2. It was feared that many of the volunteer sol¬ 
diers, retaining the evil and reckless habits of war, 
would prove dangerous to the peace of the country. 













150 The Child's History of the United States. 

But it turned out otherwise. Officers and men alike 
seemed glad to have done with fighting, and settled 
down again contentedly to the pursuits of civil life. 

3. The work of reconstruction was found to be 
more difficult. The slaves at the South had been 
set free by a proclamation of Mr. Lincoln on the 
first day of January, 1863. Two years later the 
institution of slavery itself was abolished by an 
amendment to the Constitution. 

4. The views of the new President, Mr. Johnson, 
were at variance with those of Congress on the ques¬ 
tion of reorganization. The President was for letting 
the seceding States come back almost without any 
conditions. Congress required that they should annul 
their ordinances of secession, and adopt the amend¬ 
ment to the Constitution which abolished slavery. 

5. The disagreement between Congress and the 
President rose to such a height that it led finally to 
the impeachment of Mr. Johnson. This means the 
bringing of an accusation against the Chief Magis¬ 
trate of a nation, upon which he may be tried. In 
this case the Senate sat as a court, with the Chief- 
Justice of the United States for the presiding Judge. { 

6. Mr. Johnson appeared before it. For his con¬ 
viction a vote of two-thirds of the members of the 






Later Events. 


151 


court was required. As one vote was wanting to com¬ 
plete this number, Mr. Johnson was not convicted. 

7. In 1869 General Grant was inaugurated Presi¬ 
dent. During his administration some progress was 
made in the work of reconstruction. All the seceded 
States were, by degrees, restored to the Union, and a 
large proportion of the national debt paid off. On the 
30th of March, 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment to 
the Constitution was passed. This amendment pro¬ 
vides that the right of voting should not be withheld 
from any citizen of the United States “on account of 
race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” 

8. Towards the close of General Grant’s second 
term of office, occurred our Centennial celebration, 
which shall be the subject of the story for this 
lesson. 

9. During the war, and since its termination, sev¬ 
eral new States have come into the Union. West 
Virginia became a separate State in 1863. Nevada 
was formed out of territory ceded by Mexico, and 
became a State in 1864, and Nebraska, a portion of 
the old Louisiana purchase, was admitted in 1867. 
Finally Colorado came in as the ^Centennial State, 
in 1876. There are now (1878) thirty-eight States 
in the Union and ten Territories. 



152 The Child's History of the United States. 


10. In the fall of 1876, the vote in the Presiden¬ 
tial election was so close, that the question as to 
which of the candidates was chosen had to be 
referred to an Electoral Commission. Governor 
Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio, was the Republican 
candidate, and Governor Tilden, of New York, the 
Democratic candidate. A few days before the one 
on which the inauguration was to take place, the 
commission pronounced in favor of Governor Hayes. 
He was duly installed in the Presidential office on 
the 4th of March, 1877. 

11. Although hopeful progress has been made in 
the direction of restoration and reconciliation, yet 
much remains to be done in this great and noble and 
yet most difficult work. Four years of bitter strife, 
between brethren of the same blood and country, 
leave many a sore and angry feeling hard to be 
overcome. 

12. Let us pray that God will “ direct and prosper 
our efforts in this righteous cause; that all things 
may be so ordered and settled upon the best and 
surest foundations; that peace and happiness, truth 
and justice, religion and piety may be established 
among us to all generations.” 




Later Events. 


153 


Questions. 

1. Who succeeded Mr. Lincoln as President? What remained to be 
done? What as regarded the army? What of the national debt? 
What of the Southern Confederacy ? 

2 . What was feared regarding the soldiers? Were these fears real¬ 
ized ? What was the feeling of the army ? What was the result ? 

3 . What work was found to be the most difficult? When had the 
slaves been set free? By what means? When and by what was 
slavery abolished ? 

4 . On what question did the views of the President and Congress 
differ? What was Mr. Johnson’s desire? What did Congress demand? 

5. To what did the disagreement finally lead? What is meant by 
impeachment? Who was the Court? Who the Judge? 

6. What was necessary to insure the conviction ? Why was not Mr. 
Johnson convicted ? 

7 . When was Gen. Grant inaugurated ? What is said of the seceded 
States during his administration? What of the national debt? What 
was passed on the 30th of March, 1870? What does this amendment 
provide ? 

8. What occurred towards the close of Gen. Grant’s administration ? 

9. When did West Virginia become a State? From what Territory 
was Nevada formed ? When was it admitted ? To what did Nebraska 
belong? When did it become a State? What is the Centennial State? 
How many States are there ? How many Territories ? 

10 . What is said of the Presidential vote in 1876? Who were the 
candidates for President? When was the decision pronounced? In 
whose favor ? 

11. In what work has progress been made? What is the character 
of this work? How many years did the strife exist? Between whom? 
What does such strife leave? 





154 The Child's History of the United Slates. 


The Centennial Agricultural Building. 

St o r y . 

1. On the New Year’s day of 1876 signs of rejoicing were 
seen and heard throughout the land. Strains of martial 
music and salutes of artillery were heard in almost every 
town. Flags and banners floated upon the air, displayed 
both from public buildings and private houses. At night, in 
many places, there was a brilliant display of fireworks. It 
was the beginning of our Centennial year. On the 4th of 
July, 1876, the nation celebrated her one hundredth birthday. 

2. It was very fitting that the principal celebration of this 
birthday should take place in Philadelphia. In that city 
the Declaration of Independence had been written, adopted, 
and first proclaimed to the world. Therefore, Philadelphia 
may be truly called the birth-place of the United States of 
America. And in that city it was determined to hold a 
grand International Exhibition, to which all the world should 
be invited. 











Later Events. 


155 


3. In the most beautiful portion of Fairmount Park, and 
covering an area of two hundred and thirty-six acres, were 
erected the magnificent buildings of the Exhibition. The 
principal structures were five in number — the Main Build¬ 
ing, the Art Gallery, also known as Memorial Hall, Machinery 
Hall, Agricultural Hall, and Horticultural Hall. 

4 . Specimens of the arts and manufactures, the products 
of the soil and of the mine, of all the nations of the earth 
were exhibited in these buildings. Standing on one of the 
balconies in the four central towers of the Main Building, 
one might fancy he was looking down upon the world in 
miniature. 

5. China, Japan, Persia, Turkey,— all the kingdoms of 
Europe, South America, Australia, the remote islands of the 
Indian Archipelagos, were represented in their arts and in¬ 
dustry and populations. 

“ Forms of beauty, shapes of wonder, 

Trophies of triumphant toil; 

Never Athens, Rome, Palmyra, 

Gazed on such a costly spoil. 

“Dazzling the bewildered vision, 

More than princely pomp we see; 

What the blaze of the Alhambra, 

Matchless scene compared with thee? 

“Farthest cities pour their riches, 

Farthest empires muster here, 

Art her jubilee proclaiming 
To the nations far and near.” 



156 The Child's History of the United States. 



6. This Main Building en¬ 
closed a space of over twenty 
acres,and extendedmorethan 
one-third of a mile in length. 
To see everything which was 
exhibited in this enormous 
edifice, one would have had 
to do ten miles of walking 
through the numerous pas¬ 
sages and avenues by which 
the building was intersected. 
It was constructed of iron 
and glass, and with its nu¬ 
merous towers and balconies 
presented a magnificent ap¬ 
pearance. 

7. In Machinery Hall 
were exhibited countless 
manufactures in actual op¬ 
eration. In the centre was 
placed the enormous Corliss 
engine, of 1400-horse power. 
It was capable of driving 
the entire shafting necessary 
to run all the machinery in 
this vast building. 

8. Agricultural Hall was 
about one-half the size of 
the Main Building. This 
building presented a very 



























Later Events. 


157 


imposing appearance, resembling a grand cathedral in its style 
of architecture. Here were exhibited specimens of fruits and 
grains and vegetable products from all parts of the globe. 
And here also might be examined everything that pertained 
to the labors of the farm and garden in all lands. 

9 . From the rude ploughs and spades and scythes of the 
natives of India and the South Seas, through all grades of 
improvement up to the perfected agricultural machinery of 
our own country, the progress of inventive genius in this 
department of human ingenuity might be traced. 

10 . At a little distance from the three buildings already 
described, stood a beautiful edifice of Moorish architecture, 
known as Horticultural Hall. It was constructed of marble 
and iron and glass, and was, in fact, a magnificent conserv¬ 
atory, in which were exhibited the floral treasures of the 
world. 

11 . The Art Gallery, known also as Memorial Hall, was 
designed to remain as a memento of the Great Exhibition, 
and to be always used as a gallery of art. It was therefore 
constructed of granite and iron, in order that it might be 
entirely fire-proof. The fine dome of this building, one 
hundred and fifty feet in height, is surmounted by a colossal 
ball, on which stands the figure of Columbia. In this magnif¬ 
icent hall were exhibited the wonderful pictures and works 
of art which the taste and genius of all lands had con¬ 
tributed. 

12 . There were many other buildings on the grounds, all 
of which contained objects of great beauty or interest. One 
of the most curious of these was a house erected by Japanese 



158 The Child's History of the United States. 

workmen. Not a nail or screw was employed in its construc¬ 
tion. The boards were fitted together, perhaps, somewhat 
after the manner of the dove-tailing of a box. At all events 
this house, built without the use of hammer and nails, was firm 
and strong, and the workmanship exceedingly neat and good. 

13 . The Exhibition was opened by General Grant, on the 
10th of May, 1876, and closed on the 10th of November of 
the same year. During its continuance the total number of 
visitors was 9,910,966. On Pennsylvania Day alone there 
was gathered within the gates of the Centennial grounds 
more than a quarter of a million of people. 

14 . The International Exhibition was a noble celebration 
of our country’s birthday. It brought the Old World and 
the New together in peaceful rivalry, 


“ Unveiling all the triumphs won, 
By art or toil, beneath the sun.” 


Let us pray, in the words of the poet who wrote our beau¬ 
tiful Centennial hymn, that God will 


“ Unto common good ordain 
This rivalship of hand and brain ; ” 



% 



Make us, through the centuries long, 
In peace secure, in justice strong; 


And round our gift of freedom draw 
The safeguards of His righteous law.” 




















































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